AEROBIC AND STRENGTH EXERCISES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD): A CASE STUDY

Authors

  • Lara Blas Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
  • Daniel Castillo Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
  • Oscar Lacalzada Club Deportivo Zuzenak
  • Aitor Iturricastillo Universidad del País Vasco, Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.13-2.4

Keywords:

physical activity, physiological responses internal load, physical capacity

Abstract

This study was aimed at describing the physiological responses of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients in each session of an 8-week training program and analyzing its effects on the patients’ physical performance. Four COPD patients (64 ± 6 years) participated in this study. A 6-minute walking test (6MWT) (T1) was performed before the training program to determine the cardiovascular capacity of the participants. After 8 weeks 6MWT was repeated (T2). During the training program participants performed interval aerobic endurance, strength, stretching and respiratory muscle training. There was no significant increase in the physiological variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation) after 6MWT neither in T1 or T2. However, the systolic pressure in the Post test of T1 (∆%=24.8±22.1; ES=2.2, high) and Post test of T2 (∆%=14.0±13.2; ES=1.0, high) reported a tendency to be higher than the Pre test. With respect to physical performance, participants walked slightly more meters after the training sessions (∆%=4.61; ES=0.4, low), which was accompanied by an increased effort perception (∆%=107.1; ES=3.0 and ∆%=200.0; ES=1.8 for RPEmus). Participants slightly improved their physical performance in the 6MWT probably because sessions were not only focused on improving aerobic capacity but also muscle strength.

Author Biographies

Lara Blas, Universidad del País Vasco

Graduada en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad del País Vasco

Daniel Castillo, Universidad del País Vasco

Licenciado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad del País Vasco

Oscar Lacalzada, Club Deportivo Zuzenak

Experto en actividad física adaptada. Centro de actividad física adaptada

Aitor Iturricastillo, Universidad del País Vasco

Licenciado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad del País Vasco

References

Albarrati, A.M., Gale, N.S., Enright, S., Munnery, M.M., Cockcroft, J.R., & Shale, D.J. (2016). A simple and rapid test of physical performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 11, 1785-1791. https:/doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S106151

Andrianopoulos, V., Klijn, P., Franssen, F.M., & Spruit, M.A. (2014). Exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation. Clinical Chest Medicine, 35(2), 313-322. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2014.02.013

Bardagi, S. & Solans, M. (2007). Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Prevalencia. Clínica. Tratamiento farmacológico. En E. Pleguezuelos., G. Miranda., A. Gómez & L. Capellas (coords.), Rehabilitación integral en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (pp. 22-32). Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.

Bernardi, E., Pomidori, L., Bassal, F., Contoli, M., & Cogo, A. (2015). Respiratory muscle training with normocapnic hyperpnea improves ventilatory pattern and thoracoabdominal coordination, and reduces oxygen desaturation during endurance exercise testing in COPD patients. International Journal of COPD, 10, 1899-1906. https:/doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S88609

Bolton, C.H.E., Bevan-Smith, E.F., Blakey, J.D., Crowe, P., Elkin, S.L., Garrod, R., (…) & British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. (2013). British Thoracic Society guideline on pulmonary rehabilitation in adults. Thorax, 68, 1-30. https:/doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203808

British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Subcommittee on Pulmonary Rehabilitation (2001). BTS Statement: Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Thorax, 56, 827-834. https:/doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.11.827

Chen, C-A., Chang, C-H., Lin, M-T., Hua, Y-C., Fang, W-Q., Wu, M-H., (…) & Wang, J-K. (2015). Six-minute walking test: normal reference values for taiwanese children and adolescents. Acta Cardiologica Sinica, 31(3), 193-201. doi: 10.6515/ACS20140721D

Chiacchio, M., Omar, A., & Suau, R. (2010).Respuesta de la tensión arterial a la prueba de esfuerzo. Apunts: Medicina de l’esport, 45(167), 191-200. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2010.01.005

Covey, M.K., McAuley, E., Kapella, M.C., Collins, E.G., Alex, C.G., Berbaum, M.L., & Larson, J.L. (2012). Upper-body resistance training and self-efficacy enhancement in COPD. Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, (supl. 9:001). https:/doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.S9-001

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic Press.

De Moraes Chaves Becker, M., Barbosa e Silva, O., Gonçalves Moreira, I.E., & Guimarães Victor, E. (2007). Pressão Arterial em Adolescentes Durante Teste Ergométrico. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 88, 329-33. https:/doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2007000300012

Escarrabill, J. (2005). Indicaciones de la oxigenoterapia domiciliaria en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. En A. Agustí & B. Celli (Ed.), Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (pp. 221-228). Barcelona, España: Masson.

Fierro-Carrion, G., & Mahler, D.A. (2002). Exercise prescription for patients with chronic lung disease. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 9, 1-5. https:/doi.org/1068-0640/02/0901-001

Fernández-Fernández, F.J., Ameneiros-Lago, E., González, J., Pía, G., Martínez-Debén, F.S., & Sesma, P. (2003). Tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Anales de Medicina Interna, 20(3), 148-155.

Foster, C., Florhaug, J.A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L.A., Parker, S., Doleshal, P., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109–15. https:/doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200102000-00019

García-Aymerich, J. (2005). Situación en España. En A. Agustí & B. Celli (Ed.), Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (pp. 19-28). Barcelona, España: Masson.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD]. (2016). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obtructive pulmonary disease (updated 2016). Recuperado de http://www.goldcopd.com/

Griffiths, T.L., Burr, M.L., Campbell, I.A., Lewia-Jenkins, V., Mullins, J., Shiels, K., (…) & Tunbridge, J. (2000). Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 355(9201), 362-368. https:/doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07042-7

Güell, M.R., Díaz, S., Rodríguez, G., Morante, F., San Miguel, M., Cejudo, P., (…) & Servera, E. (2014). Rehabilitación respiratoria. Archivos de Bronconeumología, 50(8), 332-344. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2014.02.014

Harris, D.J. & Atkinson, G. (2013). Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 1025-1028. https:/doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1358756

Iepsen, U.W., Jorgensen, K.J., Ringbaek, T., Hansen, H., Skrubbeltrang, C., & Lange, P. (2015). A combination of resistance and endurance training increases leg muscle strenght in COPD: An evidence-based recommendation based on systematic review with meta-analyses. Chronic Respiratory Disease, 12(2), 132-145. https:/doi.org/10.1177/1479972315575318

Karvonen, J. & Vuorimaa, T. (1988). Heart rate and exercise intensity during sports activities: practical application. Sports Med, 5(5), 303–11.

Lacasse, Y., Goldstein, R., Lasserson, T.J. & Martin, S. (2006). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database System Review, (4), CD003793. https:/doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub2

Mador, M.J., Bozkanat, E., Aggarwal, A., Shaffer, M., & Kufel, T.J. (2004). Endurance and strength training in patients with COPD. Chest, 125(6), 2036–2045. https:/doi.org/ 10.1378/chest.125.6.2036

Martin, D., Powers, S., Cicale, M., Collop, N., Huang, D., & Criswell, D. (1992). Validity of pulse oximetry during exercise in elite endurance athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72, 455-8.

Mayer, A.S., & Maier, L.A. (2010). Evaluation of respiratory impairment and disability. En: R.J. Mason, V.C. Broaddus, T.R. Martin, T.E. King, D.E. Schraufnagel, J.F. Murray & J.A. Nadel (eds.), Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine 5º ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.

Menezes, A.M.B. & Knorst, M. (2005). Situación en América Latina. En A. Agustí & B. Celli (Ed.), Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (pp. 29-44). Barcelona, España: Masson.

Montes, M. (2011). Bronquitis crónica en la EPOC: prevalencia e impacto sobre la enfermedad. Medicina respiratoria, 4(2), 57-64.

Nakamura, Y., Tanaka, K., Shigematsu, R., Nakagaichi, M., Inoue,

M., & Homma, T. (2008). Effects of aerobic training and recreational activities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 31(4), 275–283.https:/doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f81

Ortega, F., Toral, J., Cejudo, P., Villagomez, R., Sánchez, H., Castillo, J., & Montemayor, T. (2002). Comparison of effects of strength and endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166(5), 669–674. https:/doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2107081

O’Shea, S.D., Taylor, N.F., & Paratz, J.D. (2007). Qualitative outcomes of progressive resistance exercise for people with COPD. Chronic Respiratory Disease, 4, 135-142. https:/doi.org/10.1177/1479972307075313

Panton, L.B., Golden, J., Broeder, C.E., Browder, K.D., Cestaro-Seifer, D.J. & Seifer, F.D. (2004). The effects of resistance training on functional outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Appl Physiol, 91(4), 443–449. https:/doi.org/ 10.1007/s00421-003-1008-y

Puhan, M.A., Busching, G., Schunemann, H.J., VanOort, E., Zaugg, C., & Frey, M. (2006). Interval versus continuous high-intensity exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145, 816–825.

Rieger, C., Garcia, F. J., Rubio, F. J., & Marin, J. M. (2014). Classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity according to the new Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2011 guidelines: COPD assessment test versus modified Medical Research Council scale. Archivos de Bronconeumología, 50(4), 129-134. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2013.09.014

Rocha Leite, M., Cipulo Ramos, E.M., Kalva-Fulho, C.A., Coelho Figueira Freire, A.P., Spolador de Alencar Silva, B., Nicolino, J., (…) & Ramos, D. (2015). Effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training on autonomic modulation, mucociliary clearance, and aerobic parameters in patients with COPD. International Journal of COPD, 10, 2549-2557. https:/doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S81363

Saglam, M., Vardar-yagli, N., Calik-kutukcu, E., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-ince, D., (…), & Tokgozoglu, L. (2015). Functional exercise capacity, physical activity, and respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in pulmonary hypertension according to disease severity. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27, 1309–1312. https:/doi.org/: 10.1589/jpts.271309.

Skinner, J.S. (2005). Exercise Testing and Exercise Prescription for Special Cases. Theoretical Basis and Clinical Application. 3°ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins.

Spruit, M.A., Singh, S.J., Garvey, C., ZuWallack, R., Nici, L., Rochester, C., (…) & ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. (2013). An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 188, 213-264. https:/doi.org/ 10.1164/rccm.201309-1634ST

Troosters, T., Gosselink, R., & Decramer, M. (2000). Short- and long-term effects of outpatient rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. The American Journal of Medicine, 109, 207-12.

Troosters, T., Gosselink, R., Janssens, W., & Decramer, M. (2010). Exercise training and pulmonary rehabilitation: new insights and remaining challenges. European Respiratory Review, 19, 24–29. https:/doi.org/10.1183/09059180.00007809

Vargas, O.C. (2003). Entrenamiento físico en enfermedad respiratoria crónica. Revista ciencias de la salud, 1(2), 180-189.

Viejo, J.L. (2005). Tratamiento farmacológico. En A. Agustí & B. Celli (Ed.), Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (pp. 163-174). Barcelona, España: Masson.

Vonbank, K., Strasser, B., Mondrzyk, J., Marzluf, B.A., Richter, B., Losch, S., (…) & Haber, P. (2012). Strength training increases maximum working capacity in patients with COPD – randomized clinical trial comparing three training modalities. Respiratory Medicine, 106(4), 557–563. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.005

Wadell, K., Webb, K.A., Preston, M.E., Amornputtisathaporn, N., Samis, L., Patelli, J., (…) & O’Donnell, D.E. (2013). Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on the major dimensions of dyspnea in COPD. COPD, 10(4), 425-435. https:/doi.org/10.3109/15412555.2012.758696

Published

2016-12-06

How to Cite

Blas, L., Castillo, D., Lacalzada, O., & Iturricastillo, A. (2016). AEROBIC AND STRENGTH EXERCISES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD): A CASE STUDY. MHSalud: Revista En Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Salud, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.13-2.4

How to Cite

Blas, L., Castillo, D., Lacalzada, O., & Iturricastillo, A. (2016). AEROBIC AND STRENGTH EXERCISES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD): A CASE STUDY. MHSalud: Revista En Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Salud, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.13-2.4

Comentarios (ver términos de uso)