Spectral and chromatic analysis of automotive acrylic lacquers for white paint touch up using Unsupervised Pattern Recognition

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.33-1.5

Keywords:

color, CIELab, whiteness index, automotive paint, chemometrics, acrylic lacquers

Abstract

The color of white acrylic lacquers utilized to touch up automotive paint was characterized in this paper using the CIELab color space and the whiteness index, with standard illuminant D65 and the standard observer at ten degrees. Based on this information, the color trends used in this type of product in the national market were recognized. In addition, the chemometric techniques of the Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Hierarchical Analysis allowed for recognition of similarities between the observed colors, which found, among other aspects, the greatest visual difference in the pearl white lacquer. On the other hand, the Alaskan white lacquer from Mazda and the universal white lacquer from Nissan were the most similar. It is also concluded that the chromatic and chemometric analyses of spectral data complemented each other; therefore, both are recommended for quality control purposes.

References

Al-Ayash, A.; Kane, R. T.; Smith, D. y Green-Armytage, P. (2016). The influence of color on student. Color Research and Application, 41(2), 96-205. DOI: 10.1002/col.21949.

ASTM E313-15e1. (2015). Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured coordinates. USA: ASTM International. Recuperado de: https://www.astm.org/Standards/E313.htm

Best, J. (Ed.). (2017). Colour design: theories and applications, second edition. United Kingdom: Woodhead Publishing.

Bouzidi, N.; Siham, A.; Concha-Lozano, N.; Gaudon, P.; Janin, G.; Mahtout, L. y Merabet, D. (2014). Effect of chemico-mineralogical composition on color of natural and calcined kaolins. Color Research and Application, 39(5), 499-505. DOI: 10.1002/col.21813.

Cho, Y. J.; Ou, L. Ch. y Ronnier Luo. (2017a). A cross-cultural comparison of saturation, vividness, blackness and whiteness scales. Color Research and Application, 42(2), 203-2015. DOI: 10.1002/col.22065.

Cho, Y. J.; Ou, L. Ch.; Cui, G. y Luo, R. (2017b). New colour appearance scales for describing saturation, vividness, blackness, and whiteness. Color Research and Application, 42, 552-563. DOI: 10.1002/col.22114.

Dubois, E. (2010). The structure and properties of color spaces and the representation of color images. Synthesis Lectures on Image, Video, and Multimedia Processing, 4(1), 1–129. DOI: 10.2200/S00224ED1V01Y200910IVM011.

Feraru, D.; Mihaly, M. y Meghea, A. (2015). Chromatic analysis of blue ballpoint pen inks and related dyes. Color Research and Application, 40, 169-177. DOI: 10.1002/col.21866.

Gómez, B. y Herranz, A. (2011). La comunicación sin palabras. Barcelona, España: Marge Books.

Gong, R.; Wang, Q.; Hai, Y. y Shao, X. (2017). Investigation on factors to influence color emotion and color preference responses. Optik, 136, 71-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.02.026.

Jung, H.; Suk, H. J.; Kitaguchi, S.; Sato, T. y Kajiwara, K. (2012). Color tolerance prediction for recycled paper based on consumers’ awareness. Color Research and Application, 37(4), 272-280. DOI: 10.1002/col.20676.

Kandi, S. G. (2013). The effect of paper appearance on printed color of inkjet printer. Color Research and Application, 38(4), 284-291. DOI: 10.1002/col.21724.

Kareklas, I.; Brunel, F. F. y Coulter, R. A. (2014). Judgment is not color blind: The impact of automatic color preference on product and advertising preferences. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(1), 87-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcps.2013.09.005.

Lee, S. M.; Lee, K. T.; Lee, S. W. y Song, J. K. (2013). Origin of human colour preference for food. Journal of Food Engineering, 119, 508-515. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.06.021.

Lee, Y.; Lu, H. y Powers, J. (2005). Measurement of opalescence of resin composites. Dental Materials, 21, 1068-1074. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.03.015.

López-de-Alba, P. L.; López-Martínez, L.; Wrobel-Kaczmarczyk, K.; Wrobel-Zasada, K. y Amador-Hernández, J. (1997). Simultaneous determination of uranium (VI) and thorium (IV) ions with arsenazo III by partial least squares method. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters, 220, 167-171. DOI: 10.1007/BF02034851.

Michalski, R. (2014). The influence of color grouping on users’ visual search behaviour and preferences. Displays, 35, 176-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2014.05.007.

Mollica, P. (2013). Color theory. Irvine CA, United States: Walter Foster.

Panush, S. (1993). Composiciones de pinturas opalescentes para automóviles que contienen pigmento de dióxido de titanio micronizado. No. de publicación: ES 2 042 598. Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas.

Park, J. G. (2013). Correlations Between Color Attributes and Children’s Color Preferences. Color Research and Application, 39(5), 452-462. DOI: 10.1002/col.21801.

Prado-León, L. R. (2015). Color preferences in household appliances: data for emotional design. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 5707-5714. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.798.

Puebla, C. (2006). Whiteness assessment: a primer. Concepts, determination and control of perceived whiteness. Germany: Axiphos GmbH. Recuperado de http://www.axiphos.com/WhitenessPrimer.pdf

Schloss, K. B. (2015). Color preferences differ with variations in color perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(10), 554-555. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.009.

Schloss, K. B. y Palmer, S. E. (2017). An ecological framework for temporal and individual differences in color preferences. Vision Research, in press. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.010.

Tutak, M.; Demiryürek, O. y Bulut, S. (2013). Effect of xenon arc irradiation on optical whitened polyester woven fabrics. Color Research and Application, 38(1), 73-78. DOI: 10.1002/col.20727.

Ulusoy, B. y Olguntürk, N. (2017). Understanding responses to materials and colors in interiors. Color Research and Application, 42(2), 261-272. DOI: 10.1002/col.22072.

Vladusich, T. (2012). Simultaneous contrast and gamut relativity in achromatic color perception. Vision Research, 69, 49-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.07.022.

Yi, E. y Shamey, R. (2015). Crosscultural comparison of color terms and preference of persimmon-dyed fabric, galchon. Color Research and Application, 40(6), 592-604. DOI: 10.1002/col.21941.

Yu, L.; Westland, S.; Li, Z.; Pan, O.; Shin, M. J. y Won, S. (2017). The role of individual colour preferences in consumer purchase decisions. Color Research and Application, 42, 1-10. DOI: 10.1002/col.22180.

Published

2019-01-31

How to Cite

Spectral and chromatic analysis of automotive acrylic lacquers for white paint touch up using Unsupervised Pattern Recognition. (2019). Uniciencia, 33(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.33-1.5

Issue

Section

Original scientific papers (evaluated by academic peers)

How to Cite

Spectral and chromatic analysis of automotive acrylic lacquers for white paint touch up using Unsupervised Pattern Recognition. (2019). Uniciencia, 33(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.33-1.5

Comentarios (ver términos de uso)

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>