Amenazas y efectos potenciales del cambio climático en poblaciones silvestres de venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus): Revisión de su estado de conocimiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/rca.53-1.6Palabras clave:
Cambio climático; conservación; Odocoileus; ungulados; venado.Resumen
Las poblaciones silvestres de venado cola blanca han mostrado respuestas negativas a la variación climática dentro de su rango de distribución. En escenarios globales de cambio climático, los grupos conservacionistas deben entender las manifestaciones de la variabilidad climática en el comportamiento y distribución de poblaciones vulnerables para el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar y sintetizar bibliografía que describa los principales efectos potenciales del cambio climático en las poblaciones de venado cola blanca a lo largo de su rango de distribución. Se realizó una intensa revisión bibliográfica mediante dos buscadores científicos en internet (Google Scholar; Web of Science) del 2000 al 2016. Durante la búsqueda se registraron documentos referentes al efecto del clima en poblaciones de venado cola blanca. Como resultado, de los 4 000 documentos publicados durante el periodo evaluado (los últimos 16 años), se encontraron18 documentos formalmente publicados en revistas peer reviewed, los cuales evidencian manifestaciones climáticas en poblaciones silvestres de venado cola blanca. Las principales respuestas observadas fueron las siguientes: cambios en la distribución, aumentos en la incidencia de enfermedades, cambios en los patrones de movimiento, cambios en la demografía poblacional, disminución de la calidad del forraje y cambios en el hábitat. Se concluye que la información disponible es limitada, restringida a la distribución norte del venado cola blanca, la cual no muestra información sobre los ecosistemas tropicales más allá de México, por lo que se necesitan, con urgencia, herramientas y enfoques para evaluar los efectos a largo y mediano plazo de la variabilidad climática en poblaciones de ungulados tropicales, pues la falta de información, al respecto, es evidente.
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