https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atomRevista de Historia2024-02-19T14:50:45-06:00Mag. Andrea Méndez Solanorevistadehistoria@una.ac.crOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>ISSN: 1012-9790 / EISSN: 2215-4744</strong> <br> The Journal of History is a publication orientated to the dissemination of research that contributes to the development of historical discipline, as well as interdisciplinary studies with a historical perspective. Its purpose is to promote discussion, dissemination, problematization, theoretical debate and constant historiographic review of articles or research advances specific to the discipline or related to the social sciences. It is a biannual publication.<br>Consists of five sections: América Latina Section, Costa Rica Section, Theoretical-Methodological Contributions, Documentary Section y Bibliographic Critique Section. This Journal is indexed in Latindex, DOAJ, REDIB among others. <br>Its main <em>target audience</em>, as authors and readers, are professionals in history and other social sciences, as well as university students of humanities and social sciences.<br> <strong>Publisher:</strong> School of History, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.<br> <strong>Descriptors: </strong>history, historiography, history of Costa Rica, history of Central America, history of Latin America.<br> <strong>Contact:</strong> Andrea Méndez Solano, Director of the Journal <br> <strong>Email:</strong> revistadehistoria@una.ac.cr</p> <div> <span id="transmark" style="display: none; width: 0px; height: 0px;"></span></div>https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/19680The Campeche Race (1717-1818): Mobile Demographics, Vernacular Devotions and Provincial Roads2024-02-19T14:50:46-06:00Francisco Rodolfo González Galeotti
<p>This article studies how the Carrera de Campeche, a series of fluvial and land traffic and mobility routes, connected the city port of Campeche and the gulf of Mexico with the Carrera de Guatemala, the commercial circuit that linked the audiencias/kingdoms of New Spain and Guatemala. For this, a review of the regional, economic historiography and anthropological studies was made; also archival documents and cartography collected in Mexico, Guatemala, the United States and Spain to support the hypothesis of the existence of the routes. As a result, it was possible to corroborate the existence of a dynamic demography and in continuous movement, fortified by regional devotions that strengthened the religious-cultural integration and that allowed to sustain the road projects of magistrates and elites in the Carrera de Campeche, at the end of the Spanish colonial period.</p>
2024-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/19679The Hemingway Narrative in the Spanish Civil War and Its Historical and Political Implications from Edward Said’s Theory2024-02-19T14:23:44-06:00Rodrigo Octavio Tirado de Salazar
<p>This article consists in an historical analysis of three works by Ernest Hemingway that are set in the Spanish Civil War. The analysis is complemented by Edward Said’s theory called Orientalism to extract the narrative that the author proposes to be contrasted with the historical events to see how it is that the narrative that sought to unite the United States with the USSR to go together against fascism contributed to the illusion in which republican and democratic Spain of has being seen as a satellite state of the Soviet Union and, therefore, an enemy of the United States in the framework of the recently begun Cold War.</p>
2024-02-19T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/18891«Voices, Registers and Actions of Childhoods in Historical Narratives». Interview With Susana Sosenski2023-08-02T17:06:08-06:00Silvana Espiga DoradoMaría Laura Osta VázquezFacundo Álvarez Constantín
<p>This interview with Dr. Susana Sosenski presents the reflections, challenges, and obstacles encountered by a researcher studying childhood in Latin America. The questions she has raised from her own experiences have guided her historiographic work, which contributes to the scholarship of historians in Latin America and around the world. Dr. Sosenski, founder of the Red de Estudios de Historia de las Infancias en América Latina (REHIAL) [Network for the Study of the History of Childhoods in Latin America], shares the origins of REHIAL and its objectives since its inception.</p>
2023-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/18892Book Review: Familias e infancias en la historia contemporánea: Jerarquías de clase, género y edad en Argentina [Families and Childhoods in Contemporary History: Class, Gender and Age Hierarchies in Argentina], by Isabella Cosse (Ed.)2023-08-02T17:06:06-06:00Diego Silva Balerio
<p>Research on childhood, adolescence, and family in Latin America has a longstanding tradition and, at the same time, an arduous task that lies ahead. The book under review is the result of a collaborative project that studies 20th-century social hierarchies in Argentina from the perspective of childhood and the family. Its authors are researchers with a solid background in history. These researchers conduct their work within the framework of the Historical Research Group on Families and Childhood in Contemporary Argentina, based at the Interdisciplinary Institute of Gender Studies within the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the University of Buenos Aires.</p>
2023-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/18456Some Reflections on the Identification of the Concept of Childhood among the Ancient Nahuas based on Colonial Documents2023-06-01T15:30:16-06:00Alejandro Díaz Barriga Cuevas
<p style="font-weight: 400;">This paper focuses on the main aspects to consider in the historical research on pre-Hispanic Childhood based on colonial documents. I analyze the mentality of the chroniclers, the different ideologies they had, the life cycles, and the models they followed to write their works, in which they described the Indigenous childhood using their own parameters. Also, I include some examples that show how Indigenous people incorporated Western models in the descriptions of their own past. Finally, I analyze the words that the Europeans used to define children, some of which have different meanings nowadays.</p>
2023-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/18453Press and Police. The Montevideo Headquarters in the pages of La Tribuna Popular (1911-1923)2023-06-01T15:23:47-06:00Daniel Fessler
<p class="Normal1"><span lang="EN-US">In this article I intend to study the relationship between a sector of the Montevideo Press and the Capital’s Police Headquarters during the 1910s and the early 1920s of the twentieth century, from a quantitative approach, through the analysis of news related to the crime.</span><span lang="EN-US"> A moment that stood out because of the tension between newspapers and authorities of the time. For this, I focused on <em>La Tribuna Popular</em>,<em> </em>an organ that closely followed the police chronicles and reports , supporting the idea of the growth in the crime rate in the city. Traditionally , its argument was based on questioning criminal law, the administration of justice and especially the functioning of the Montevideo Police force itself. My proposal aims to analyze the relationship of the evening newspaper with two of the most censored chiefs of the period (</span><span lang="EN-US">Juan Antonio Pintos and Virgilio Sampognaro) </span><span lang="EN-US">until the change of course which was produced by the assumption of Gómez Folle in the year 1923.</span><span lang="EN-US"> The present work confirms the impact that the permanent preaching through editorials and articles dedicated to tracking and monitoring criminal information had. That impact eroded the prestige of an institution systematically presented under the qualifier label of madness or insanity.</span></p>
2023-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17906«The Puzzle of Central America Politics»: The Guatemalan Involvement in the Costa Rican Civil War (1948)2023-01-11T13:44:47-06:00Rodrigo Véliz Estrada
<p>This article examines the role of Guatemalan president Juan José Arévalo (1945-1951) in the Costa Rican civil war in 1948. It does so by delving into his geopolitical interests and conceptions, his multinational associates, the military support to the rebels, and the regional origins and repercussions of the victory of Costa Rican rebel José Figueres. A focus on Arevalo’s actions helps understand the complex regional and global implications of the conflict, intertwining them with the long-term roots of what has been called the Central American Cold War. The article proposes that the war was a combination of the documented presence of fragments of the U.S. global Cold War agenda and the culmination of a series of regional tensions characteristic of the Central American Cold War. Using mainly new personal letters from Arévalo, complemented by Mexican and British diplomatic documents, along with other minor archives, this article is framed within a historiographical methodology that favors the interactions between Latin American countries and the long-term regional trajectories to understand the Latin American Cold War.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17943The Conservation of the Historical Memory of the Anahuac Peoples in the PreHispanic Codices and Colonial Pictographic Manuscripts of Mexico: From the 16th to the 21st Century. From Bernardino de Sahagún to Miguel León Portilla2023-01-10T13:00:21-06:00Juan Carlos Solórzano Fonscea
<p style="font-weight: 400;">This work traces the path of first and subsequent ethnographers who, throughout the centuries following the Spanish conquest, undertook a gigantic task in order to find and collect information and data, from any source available then, or later discovered on the subject of ancient cultures once inhabiting the vast territory of the Anahuac. The main purpose of these researchers was learning about, preserving and divulging the historical memory and cultural patterns of these populations. Two men stand out among those scholars: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, and Miguel León Portilla. Sahagún, a Spanish friar, carried out research on the subject since the middle of the 16th century. He collected valuable and key information which was later translated and transcribed into Spanish language. Most of this knowledge was gathered from educated Aztecan people who helped Sahagún with this mission. Besides, Indigenous Scholars as well as first educated generation of mestizos joined to that huge task of collect its own version of their precolumbian past and their vision of the Spanish Conquest. Four centuries later, at the middle of the 20th century, Miguel León Portilla, a Mexican historian, anthropologist and philosopher, would carry on an extensive research on the past events and cultural patterns in history of ancient Anahuac territory. León Portilla had, at the time, recourse to all existing texts on the theme, and also to a large amount of old and new findings about the ancient cultures which flourished in this part of Mesoamerica. This historian would keep working on that subject until his final days in 2019. It is fair to mention that throughout four centuries long, some other early ethnohistorians provided valuable contributions to the knowledge of the history of pre-Hispanic Mexico by continuing Sahagún’s path. Among them, Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora in the 17th century, Francisco Javier Clavigero in the 18th century and Fernando Chavero in the 19th century, all of them stood out for their valuable contributions to the studies on the peoples of ancient Mexico. The article ends by underlining León Portilla’s huge contribution with a significant amount of published studies that have been essential to the divulgement of the extraordinary history and cultural achievements of the ancient civilizations from the Anahuac valley.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17916Book Review: La colonización del pasado: el imaginario occidental en las crónicas de Alvarado Tezozómoc, by José Pantoja Reyes2022-12-30T00:17:32-06:00José Enrique Atilano GutiérrezElizabeth Yazmín Chávez Aguilar
<p>This paper is a critical commentary on the book by José Pantoja Reyes published in 2017 by Colofón publishing house (Mexico). In this way, what is intended is to discuss the theses, objectives and explanations that the author provides throughout his historiographical reading of the <em>Mexicayótl</em> and <em>Mexicana</em> chronicles of the indigenous historian Hernando de Alvarado Tezozómoc (1520/30 ca-1610). Specifically, we will address those issues that have to do with the weight of the western Indian discourse, the late medieval imaginary in the rhetorical writing of the second half of the sixteenth century and the contemporary interpretative horizon of the Indian chronicles.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17918Book Review: América Latina en la transición demográfica (1800-2050) [Latin America in the Demographic Transition (1800-2050)], by Héctor Pérez Brignoli2022-12-30T00:17:07-06:00María Eugenia Zavala de Cosío
<p>This is a commentary on the book <em>América Latina en la transición demográfica (1800-2050)</em> [<em>Latin America in the Demographic Transition (1800-2050)</em>], by Héctor Pérez Brignoli, published by Teseo Publishing House, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in collaboration with the Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP) [Central American Center for Populations], of the University of Costa Rica (UCR). Through seven chapters and an epilogue, this book contributes to knowledge of Latin America's demographic transition. This is a work based on detailed studies of different countries and documented with many international comparisons; in addition, it is supported by current advances in the field of demography and population studies. Its reading is recommended for students and specialists in demography but also for the general public interested in these topics.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17917Book Review: Las relaciones internacionales de Costa Rica: un vistazo desde el Bicentenario, tomo VIII [International Relations of Costa Rica: A Look From the Bicentennial, volumen VIII], Edited by Carlos Cascante Segura2022-12-30T00:17:03-06:00José Aurelio Sandí Morales
<p>In this text, it was analyzed, the book named <em>Las relaciones internacionales de Costa Rica: un vistazo desde el Bicentenario</em> [International Relations of Costa Rica: a look from the Bicentennial], edited by Carlos Cascante Segura, which was published by the EUNA in 2021. This work is part of the special collection published by the editorial already mentioned around the Bicentennial of the Ancient Kingdom of Guatemala. Volume VIII, which is the one studied here, dealt with the international relations of Costa Rica with different countries, international and supranational organizations, as well as the country’s international position on various important issues such as migration, the environment, drug trafficking, among others. The book had the contribution of 18 specialists from the different topics addressed.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17914The Political-Social Ideology of the Workers in the Hoja Obrera, 1909-19122022-12-30T00:16:25-06:00Sonia Angulo Brenes
<p>The article rebuilds the socio-political ideology of workers, men and women, from one of the most important worker publications for the period studied: the <em>Hoja Obrera </em>Journal. Workers’ ideas from this period are identified and analyzed; they are related to social inequality, the worker organization and union, politics, homeland and patriotism, the establishment of a work party, and its definition of workers. Through a methodology based on the study of the<em> Hoja Obrera</em> publications between 1909 and 1912, it concludes the diversity of ideas about these topics and the syncretism of their political influences, among them liberalism, socialism, and anarchism, just as its critical look before conceptions like the homeland and patriotism.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17913Marco Le Maire, Dance and Masculinities in Costa Rica2022-12-30T00:16:23-06:00Ana Sofía Leiva Ramírez
<p>This paper analyzes the trajectory of Marco Le Maire in Modern Dance, and how through it, the hegemonic notions of masculinity, persistent at the end of the twentieth century in Costa Rica, enter into dispute. In this sense, the research methodology implemented investigates and qualitatively links Marco Le Maire's experience with more general phenomena such as the construction of masculinities, the limits they impose on certain subjects, and how they affect those phenomena. Finally, the research seeks to contribute to the knowledge of Costa Rican dance as a public space for constructing and deconstructing different notions of masculinity.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17911Study of Urban Morphology: An Approach to the European Thinking in the Construction of the First Mexico City2022-12-30T00:16:21-06:00Rodrigo Octavio Tirado de Salazar
<p>The traditional vision that we have in Mexico about the conquest and establishment of New Spain is reductionist and grandiloquent. The research carried out in the last two decades has allowed a much more detailed knowledge of the past which, hand in hand with transdisciplinarity, has provided research with an enormous wealth of tools for understanding the past. This article aims to address the issue of the creation of the first Mexico City by adapting the pre-Hispanic city that preceded it to approach the mentality of the Castilian conquerors and Hernán Cortés himself through the analysis of sources, analysis urban and historiographic work to outline the image of conquerors who were pragmatic and who modified and built paleohispanic Mexico City as best they could to defend themselves against enemies, imaginary or real, who could be Mexica, but also European.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17910«Doing the robberies and evil that they can like corsairs jumping ashore». Privateer Raids in the Caribbean. The Case of William Parker on Campeche, 15972022-12-30T00:16:19-06:00Rodrigo Alejandro De la O Torres
<p>In May 1597, Captain William Parker, along with half a hundred men, raided the town and port of San Francisco de Campeche in order to obtain some kind of booty. The purpose of this essay is to analyze this case in order to approach the configuration and characteristics of this raid based on the violence that occurred in it. To account for this process implies addressing the contexts that gave rise to the violence, as well as unveiling the subjects involved and their actions within the framework of this attack. Therefore, this case study is also a micro analysis proposal. Our presentation includes the following sections: a) frameworks of rationality, b) intentionalities, c) deployment of violence and d) conclusions. We assert that the raids were multidimensional, multifaceted and historically situated violent social events.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17909Salvador Sánchez Colín and the Extension Service of the State of Mexico: Agricultural Development and Green Revolution (1952-1957)2022-12-30T00:16:18-06:00Netzahualcóyotl Luis Gutiérrez Núñez
<p>The article analyzes the organization and functioning of the first extension service in Mexico, which was established in the State of Mexico in 1952, within the government of the agronomy engineer Salvador Sánchez Colín. The research states that this institution, paramount for diffusing agricultural innovations of the so-called «green revolution», had three sources. The first one refers to one program of agricultural development built up by Sánchez between 1945 and 1951, which defined the crops-and-livestock activities that would be the target of streamlining. The second is related to previous experiences of agricultural extension in Mexico, with a particular interest in those of the National Corn Commission, which between 1949 and 1951 started projects of improved seeds and fertilizers diffusion. The third was the technical and financial support of the Mexican Agricultural Program, a project for agricultural modernization in which the Rockefeller Foundation was involved.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17908Water for Xalapa! Vicissitudes of the Xalapa City Council Facing the Supply of Drinking Water, Veracruz, México (1940-1945)2022-12-30T00:16:16-06:00Mariana Rodríguez Gámez
<p style="font-weight: 400;">The supply of drinking water during the 1940s in the state of Veracruz was a slow process that reflected local governments' slow improvement of urban infrastructure. In the case of Xalapa City, during the first five years of that decade, a series of issues related to the liquid occurred, denoting the precarious management and the attempt to improve the water infrastructure. In this sense, this article addresses the perception of the Xalapa city council regarding the project of «national modernity» through a content analysis of the municipal requests, specifically from the drinking water service to account for the council’s actions in this regard. Thus, reflecting from a local history perspective allows us to understand that urban processes are not unilateral in regional settings.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17907The Process of Erection of the Bishopric of Aguascalientes, Mexico (1869-1899)2022-12-30T00:16:14-06:00María Guadalupe Rodríguez LópezJesús Gómez Serrano
<p>This article studies the erection process of the bishopric of Aguascalientes in the last decades of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. The linking of various religious, economic, political, and social factors, in conjunction with the interests of both the lay Catholic people and ecclesiastical elites, allowed the establishment of the episcopal see of Aguascalientes within the context of the territorial reorganization and social recomposition of the Church in Mexico, promoted from the Holy See by Pope Leo XIII. The particularity of this erection lies in the small territorial extension with which it was formed and the strong opposition presented by the Archbishopric of Guadalajara, which even managed to stop the project at a certain point.</p>
2023-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17090Press and Political disputes. The Foundation of the Newspaper La República in Costa Rica. Interview with Alberto Cañas Escalante2022-06-16T23:23:42-06:00Wainer Ignacio Coto CedeñoDiana Rojas Mejías
<p style="font-weight: 400;">This interview collects the testimony of Alberto Cañas Escalante about the foundation process of newspaper <em>La República</em>, during the second half century XX. Specifically, Cañas Escalante describes the connect between that newspaper and the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN). Also, he narrates the ideologics conflicts with anothers media, for example, the newspaper <em>La Nación</em>.</p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17091Commentary on the book Exiliados, expatriados e integrados: chilenos en Costa Rica (1973-2018), by Mario Oliva Medina (coordinator)2022-06-16T23:23:15-06:00Loreto Rebolledo González
<p style="font-weight: 400;">A comment is made on this book, coordinated by Mario Oliva and published by the National University Editorial in 2021, which is the result of an exhaustive and rigorous investigation supported by a variety of written and oral sources. Four chapters address the solidarity received by the Chileans who arrived in Costa Rica after the coup, considering the political and sociocultural dimensions of their integration, the insertion of academics in various universities; the meanings that exiles assign to the exile experience based on their subjectivities and a look at the exile of the painter Julio Escámez Carrasco. It is remarkable and novel that the text is located in the host country, with its center in the Chilean exiles but in a permanent dialogue with the context of the country to which they arrived and were integrated, showing how their presence had repercussions in various spheres of Costa Rican society generating mutual benefits.</p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17089The Subjectivity of the Historian. Brief Notes on a Past and Present Topic2022-06-16T23:23:13-06:00Antonio Álvarez PitalugaLuis Antonio Acosta Betegón
<p style="font-weight: 400;">Starting from some relevant interpretative milestones and the some recognize intellectual opinion on the subjectivity of history, this text tries to expose a group of ideas about the validity and importance of subjectivity for the historian and his work. It starts from the fact that subjectivity is a human phenomenon through its social existence in time, and that in modernity it acquired new characteristics despite the criticisms of positivism at the end of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th. Finally, it is explained through some examples and expressions, how from the emergence of relational thought to the present, subjectivity has reached new interpretative potentialities of obvious benefit for the historian.</p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17088Notes for a History of the Hospital de San Andrés. Salta (Argentina). First Half of the XIX Century2022-06-16T23:23:11-06:00Víctor Enrique Quinteros
<p style="font-weight: 400;">The aim of this article is to reconstruct the course of the Hospital de San Andrés in the city of Salta, administered by the order of the Betlemitas during the first half of the 19th century, in order to outline the guidelines of the nosocomial project implemented and, through this, to address the relations forged between civil and ecclesiastical powers in the period of transition from one order to another. We work mainly with various provisions implemented, first, by the colonial authorities in the framework of the reform program promoted by the Bourbons; second, by the revolutionary and independent governments. The proposed study will allow us to expose some particular characteristics and trajectories of the secularization process in the city of Salta. </p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17087Running against «Journalist without God»: The Relationship between the Catholic Church in Costa Rica and the Surging of Periodic Confessional Press (1880-1965)2022-06-16T23:23:09-06:00Eugenio Quesada Rivera
<p style="font-weight: 400;">The objective of this article is to analyze the strategies used by the Catholic Church in Costa Rica as a whole towards their goal of developing a confessional journalism between 1880 and 1965. Three sources were used to analyze the Catholic press phenomenon: pontifical and episcopal documents related to the press and journalism as well as issues from confessional newspapers and magazines. It is concluded that the position of priests in Costa Rica remained loyal to all the instructions given by Rome in order to stimulate a truly Catholic journalism, and also that the non-existent separation between Church and State prevented the consolidation of a confessional journal in the country.</p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17086An unsuspected crisis: the government of Rodrigo Carazo Odio and his ambivalent commitment to «neoliberal» reform, 1978-1982. Second part2022-06-16T23:23:08-06:00Jorge Marchena Sanabria
<p>This article analyzes the contradictory responses that the Carazo Odio administration tried to promote to mitigate the economic crisis of the early 1980s. This second part contextualizes the crisis, the impact of the devaluation, the discontent of the dominant bloc towards the figure of Carazo and the tacit acceptance of the IMF's designs and in general, what would eventually become structural adjustment. Like the previous article, it is an approach to the internal dynamics of Costa Rican politics, emphasizing its contradictions between democratization and secrecy. For the preparation of the text, documents from the National Archives from the period 1978-1982 were used, especially from the Presidency Series and Proceedings of the Governing Council.</p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/17085The Revista de Historia and its commitment to the quality of scientific publication2022-06-16T23:19:16-06:00Fabián González Ramírez
<p>Es con este espíritu que el número 86 de la Revista de Historia, correspondiente al primer semestre de 2022, ha publicado los seis artículos que los lectores encontrarán en nuestro sitio web, a quienes dejamos que sean quienes, finalmente, dictamen los compromisos y retos antes mencionados. A poco menos de tres años la Revista de Historia cumplirá el cincuenta aniversario de su fundación, cuyo primer número vio la luz en 1975. Muy nutridas temáticas y una diversa cantidad de artículos científicos, críticas bibliográficas, entrevistas, balances sobre fuentes documentales y otros tipos de publicaciones atinentes a la disciplina historiográfica se han publicado desde entonces, aportando sustento y rigurosidad académica en el debate sobre el quehacer de la Historia en el ámbito nacional y centroamericano.</p>
2022-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/16445An Unsuspected Crisis: The Government of Rodrigo Carazo Odio and his Ambivalent Commitment to «Neoliberal» Reform (1978-1982). First Part2021-12-03T11:27:55-06:00Jorge Marchena Sanabria
<p>This article analyzes the contradictory responses that the Carazo Odio administration tried to promote to mitigate the economic crisis of the early 1980s. The objective is to provide a partial reconstruction of the process: how the government defined the crisis or its misunderstanding of it, the insistence on the rhetoric of sovereignty in the face of external financial entities, problems of monetary liquidity, clashes between political factions, among others. It is an approach to the internal dynamics of Costa Rican politics, emphasizing its contradictions between democratization and secrecy. For the preparation of the text, documents from the National Archives from the period 1978-1982 were used, especially from the Presidency Series and Proceedings of the Governing Council.</p>
2021-12-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/16456Chiapa de los Indios and its «Antiquities» in the Light of the XIX Century2021-12-02T01:34:09-06:00Lynneth S. Lowe
<p> </p> <p><strong>Palabras claves: </strong>historia; arqueología; México; expedición científica; antigüedades; sitio arqueológico.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article aims to provide an overview of the first attempts of historical interpretation made during the XIX century to the pre-Hispanic settlement located in the outskirts of Chiapa de los Indios, the present city of Chiapa de Corzo, in Chiapas, pointing out the changes in its conception over time; such approaches were the result of the first scientific expeditions to the region, which combined the available archaeological evidence with historical, linguistic and anthropological data to infer the ethnicity of its inhabitants. The ancient settlement of Chiapa aroused the interest of travelers and explorers, such as the Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg, Dr. Hermann Berendt or the archaeologist Eduard Seler, who associated it with the Chiapanec groups, famous for their military and expansionist reaches at the time of the Spanish Conquest. However, later archaeological research conducted since the mid-twentieth century identified its ascription as one of the main regional capitals of the Zoque culture in the Central Depression of Chiapas. The comparison between both approaches, that of nineteenth-century explorers and the other one provided by scientific archeology, makes it possible to highlight the wealth of the information recovered in terms of material, documentary and linguistic evidence, while illustrating the need for more profound comparative studies to achieve an ethnic assignation of archaeological sites.</p>
2022-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/16460The Monsignor Samuel Ruiz García Fund, a Fundamental Source for the History of Chiapas during the Second Half of the 20th Century2021-12-02T01:32:50-06:00Joel Pérez Mendoza
<p>In May 2019, the database of the Monsignor Samuel Ruiz García Fund, which protects the Diocesan Historical Archives of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, was completed. Tatik Samuel, as the indigenous peoples called him, stood out for being a defender of the rights of the indigenous peoples of Mexico and Latin America. The purpose of this article is to expose to the public the existence of this database, as well as some of the topics that we can find in this documentary reservoir that may be useful for those who are interested in knowing and reconstructing the history of Chiapas and even Latin America during the second half of the 20th century.</p>
2022-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/16457Debt peonage (enganche) and free labor. Debts and incomes on the Perú-París coffee plantation, Chiapas, México (1919-1941)2021-12-02T01:32:39-06:00Justus Fenner
<p>Mexican post-revolutionary historiography on labor relations in the state of Chiapas has painted a one-sided picture by limiting its interpretations to a simplistic view between exploiter and exploited. This reductionist attitude has denied regional diversity in terms of geography and population as well as it ignored deliberately the changes and advances –driven by the needs of the international market– that have taken place since the end of the 19th century, specifically in labor relations between coffee plantation and the indigenous population. The analysis of the internal documentation of the Perú-París plantation aims to open up the historiographic panorama with a differentiated vision of the labor reality in the first half of the 20th century in Chiapas.</p>
2022-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/historia/article/view/16458Nationality and Nationalism in Postrevolutionary Chiapas: The «Demographic Problem» in Mariscal and Soconusco, 1930-19442021-12-02T01:32:36-06:00Fernando de Jesús Gordillo Ballinas
<p>During the 1930s the distribution of agricultural land began in Chiapas, which brougth to light the complicated demographic reality of the border zone with Guatemala. On the one hand, there was an important number of Guatemalan workers, and on the other hand, many of those who had been born in the area did not have the documents necessary to prove their nationality. In order to decide who was eligible to receive the land, the Mexican state was faced with the huge task of putting in order the nationality of thousands of the area’s inhabitants, which then led to important discussions regarding what it meant to be Mexican citizen on the southern border. This article analyzes the «demographic problem», as authorities called it, as well as agricultural, work, and political conflicts derived from this situation.</p>
2022-01-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 0