Cómo la ingeniería civil preserva el patrimonio cultural y fomenta la equidad social en Latinoamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ra.1-36.8Palabras clave:
ingeniería civil, patrimonio cultural, equidad social, desarrollo urbano, vulnerabilidad sísmicaResumen
La ingeniería civil tiene un papel clave en la conservación del patrimonio cultural y la promoción de la justicia social en la región latinoamericana, la cual se distingue por su legado arquitectónico, pero también por la persistencia de desigualdades en el ámbito urbano. A partir de una revisión sistemática se analiza cómo intervenciones en ingeniería civil, como el reforzamiento sísmico de estructuras históricas de adobe y el planeamiento de transporte urbano, contribuyen a alcanzar estos fines. Se revisaron 27 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025, correspondientes a países como Perú, Chile, Brasil, Colombia y México. Los resultados muestran que el reforzamiento sísmico incrementa la capacidad de resistencia de los edificios patrimoniales frente a movimientos telúricos y salvaguardan culturalmente los elementos en contextos vulnerables como en Los Andes. La política de subsidios en tarifas de transporte es más igualitaria en los grupos de ingresos bajos que el incremento de la infraestructura que favorece al sector medio. La revisión subraya el papel de la ingeniería civil en la construcción de ciudades resilientes y equitativas y formula recomendaciones para futuras intervenciones en el funcionamiento de la ingeniería civil equilibrando la seguridad estructural y la inclusión social en el contexto latinoamericano.
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