Hegemonía como factor estabilizador del sistema y el orden internacional/global

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/98-1.6

Palabras clave:

Estados pequeños, hegemonía, orden internacional/global, sistema internacional, superpotencias

Resumen

Se examina la hegemonía como factor estabilizador del sistema y del orden internacional/global. Se argumenta que la estabilidad de un sistema internacional se logra a través de ella, ya sea por un hegemón global o varios regionales, más que por un balance de poder. La hegemonía se relaciona con la capacidad de un Estado poderoso para influir y moldear comportamientos sin un dominio directo, utilizando su poder militar, económico y cultural. El orden se define como la estructura de relaciones entre Estados y otros actores, basada en normas y acuerdos que regulan su conducta. 
El orden internacional/global se conceptualiza como la estructura de las vinculaciones que existen entre Estados y otros actores internacionales en el sistema, fundamentada en normas, reglas y acuerdos que regulan la conducta de tales actores. Se relaciona con la estabilidad sistémica y la predictibilidad en las relaciones internacionales. Por ende, es la forma en que se organizan y regulan las relaciones entre los diferentes actores internacionales, principalmente, los estatales.
También, se analiza cómo las potencias hegemónicas, como China, Estados Unidos, y Rusia, influyen en el sistema internacional a través de diferentes proyectos hegemónicos basados en sus cosmovisiones. Se destaca que el sistema internacional está en una “profunda transformación”, con un papel disminuido del Estado-nación y una creciente revolución tecnológica. Los Estados pequeños pueden maniobrar frente a las potencias hegemónicas, mediante estrategias como alianzas y el aprovechamiento de la competencia entre grandes potencias.


Biografía del autor/a

  • Carlos Murillo Zamora, Escuela Relaciones Internacionales. Universidad Nacional

    Doctor en Gobierno y Políticas Públicas, Universidad de Costa Rica y Máster en Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional.  Director Centro de Investigación Observatorio del Desarrollo (UCR). Profesor catedrático Escuela Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional y Escuela de Administración Pública, Universidad de Costa Rica.

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Publicado

2025-06-27

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Artículos (arbitrados por pares)

Cómo citar

Hegemonía como factor estabilizador del sistema y el orden internacional/global. (2025). Relaciones Internacionales, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.15359/98-1.6