Tooth whitening in conventional orthodontic patients: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.36-1.21Keywords:
tooth whitening, tooth bleaching, orthodontic patients, systematic reviewAbstract
This systematic review aimed to identify and critically evaluate the available evidence of the appropriate moment to perform tooth whitening in conventional orthodontic patients. A systematic review in MEDLINE and SciELO databases from inception to February 2021 was carried out by two independent reviewers. Randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, case-series and reviews that focused on the application of tooth whitening during or after orthodontic treatment were considered for inclusion. The primary outcome was defined as tooth whitening during/after orthodontic treatment. The secondary outcome included the time in days after bracket debonding in which tooth whitening was performed. Risk of bias analysis was performed for each study and the findings were synthesized in a narrative summary. A total of 4 randomized clinical trials, 1 non-randomized clinical trial and 3 reviews were included in the qualitative synthesis. One study performed tooth whitening during, and three studies after orthodontic treatment. One study compared tooth whitening during and after orthodontic treatment. The time after which tooth whitening was applied following bracket debonding ranged from 7 to 90 days with a mean value of 40.2 days. All studies reported satisfactory improvements in tooth color shade during or after orthodontic treatment independent of the protocol. Low quality evidence suggests that the appropriate moment to perform tooth whitening in conventional orthodontic patients is after brackets removal with a waiting period of at least 30 days. There is not adequate evidence to support tooth whitening during conventional orthodontic treatment.
References
Abu Alhaija, E., Al-Abdallah, S. Y., & Taha, N. A. (2019). A comparative study of initial changes in pulpal blood flow between clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial, 156(5), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.11.013
Ahrari, F., Akbari, M., Mohammadipour, H. S., Fallahrastegar, A., & Sekandari, S. (2020). The efficacy and complications of several bleaching techniques in patients after fixed orthodontic therapy. A randomized clinical trial. Swiss dental journal, 130(6), 493–501.
Alqahtani M. Q. (2014). Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. The Saudi Dental Journal, 26(2), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.02.002
Basting, R. T., Rodrigues, A. L., & Serra, M. C. (2003). The effects of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. Journal of the American Dental Association, 134(10), 1335–1342. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0047
Consolaro, A., Consolaro, R. B., & Francischone, L. (2013). Clarifications, guidelines, and questions about the dental bleaching "associated" with orthodontic treatment. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 18(5), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000500002
Costa, C. A., Riehl, H., Kina, J. F., Sacono, N. T., & Hebling, J. (2010). Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 109(4), e59–e64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.12.002
De Melo Oliveira, I., Santana, T. R., Correia, A., Fontes, L. S., Griza, S., & Faria-E-Silva, A. L. (2021). Color heterogeneity and individual color changes in dentin and enamel bleached in the presence of a metallic orthodontic bracket. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 33(2), 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12660
Dumbryte, I., Linkeviciene, L., Linkevicius, T., & Malinauskas, M. (2017). Does orthodontic debonding lead to tooth sensitivity? Comparison of teeth with and without visible enamel microcracks. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 151(2), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.036
Eachempati, P., Kumbargere Nagraj, S., Kiran Kumar Krishanappa, S., Gupta, P., & Yaylali, I. E. (2018). Home-based chemically-induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12(12), CD006202. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006202.pub2
Faria-Júnior, É. M., Guiraldo, R. D., Berger, S. B., Correr, A. B., Correr-Sobrinho, L., Contreras, E. F., & Lopes, M. B. (2015). In-vivo evaluation of the surface roughness and morphology of enamel after bracket removal and polishing by different techniques. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 147(3), 324–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.10.033
Freire, A., Pedrosa, M., Vasconselos, M., Lopes, M., Lopes, R., & Carvalho, M. (2018). Clareamento dentário durante tratamento ortodôntico. Revista Da Faculdade De Odontologia - UPF, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v22i3.7647
Gizani, S., Kloukos, D., Papadimitriou, A., Roumani, T., & Twetman, S. (2020). Is Bleaching Effective in Managing Post-orthodontic White-spot Lesions? A Systematic Review. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 18(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a44113
Guzmán-Armstrong, S., Chalmers, J., & Warren, J. J. (2010). Ask us. White spot lesions: prevention and treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 138(6), 690–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.07.007
Han, G., Hu, M., Zhang, Y. & Jiang, H. (2013). Pulp vitality and histologic changes in human dental pulp after the application of moderate and severe intrusive orthodontic forces. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial, 144(4), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.05.005
Höchli, D., Hersberger-Zurfluh, M., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Eliades, T. (2017). Interventions for orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Orthodontics, 39(2), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjw065
Imani, M. M., Azizi, F., Bahrami, K., Golshah, A., & Safari-Faramani, R. (2020). In vitro bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide with different time of exposition and concentration on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to human enamel: A meta-analysis of in vitro studies. International Orthodontics, 18(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2019.09.001
Jadad, E., Montoya, J., Arana, G., Gordillo, L. A., Palo, R. M., & Loguercio, A. D. (2011). Spectrophotometric evaluation of color alterations with a new dental bleaching product in patients wearing orthodontic appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 140(1), e43–e47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.11.021
Kamber, R., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Eliades, T. (2018). Does orthodontic treatment have a permanent effect on tooth color? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, 79(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-018-0123-7
Knösel, M., Attin, R., Becker, K., & Attin, T. (2007). External bleaching effect on the color and luminosity of inactive white-spot lesions after fixed orthodontic appliances. The Angle Orthodontist, 77(4), 646–652. https://doi.org/10.2319/060106-224
Krug, A. Y., & Green, C. (2008). Changes in patient evaluation of completed orthodontic esthetics after dental bleaching. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 20(5), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2008.00200.x
Lunardi, N., Correr, A. B., Rastelli, A. N., Lima, D. A., & Consani, R. L. (2014). Spectrophotometric evaluation of dental bleaching under orthodontic bracket in enamel and dentin. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 6(4), e321–e326. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.51168
Márquez, J.F., Pedroza-Garcés, A., & Villada-Castro, M. (2012). Aclaramiento dental, durante y después de ortodoncia. CES Odontología, 25(2), 54-62. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-971X2012000200005&lng=en&tlng=es
Montenegro-Arana, A., Arana-Gordillo, L. A., Farana, D., Davila-Sanchez, A., Jadad, E., Coelho, U., Gomes, O., & Loguercio, A. D. (2016). Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial of Bleaching Products in Patients Wearing Orthodontic Devices. Operative Dentistry, 41(4), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-240-C
Mullins, J. M., Kao, E. C., Martin, C. A., Gunel, E., & Ngan, P. (2009). Tooth whitening effects on bracket bond strength in vivo. The Angle Orthodontist, 79(4), 777–783. https://doi.org/10.2319/042308-226.1
Oliverio, T., Cremonini, F., Lombardo, L., & Siciliani, G. (2019). Tooth Whitening in Association with Clear Aligner Treatment. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, 53(9), 508–517.
Rodrigues, J. L., Rocha, P. S., Pardim, S., Machado, A., Faria-E-Silva, A. L., & Seraidarian, P. I. (2018). Association Between In-Office and At-Home Tooth Bleaching: A Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Brazilian Dental Journal, 29(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801726
Rodríguez-Martínez, J., Valiente, M., & Sánchez-Martín, M. J. (2019). Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 31(5), 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12519
Sallum, E. J., Nouer, D. F., Klein, M. I., Gonçalves, R. B., Machion, L., Wilson Sallum, A., & Sallum, E. A. (2004). Clinical and microbiologic changes after removal of orthodontic appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 126(3), 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.04.017
Slack, M. E., Swift, E. J., Jr, Rossouw, P. E., & Phillips, C. (2013). Tooth whitening in the orthodontic practice: a survey of orthodontists. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 143(4), S64–S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.06.017
Sword RJ, Haywood V.B. (2020). Teeth Bleaching Efficacy During Clear Aligner Orthodontic Treatment. Compend Contin Educ Dent, 41(5), e11-e16. PMID: 32369381.
Talic N. F. (2011). Adverse effects of orthodontic treatment: A clinical perspective. The Saudi Dental Journal, 23(2), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2011.01.003
Tredwin, C. J., Naik, S., Lewis, N. J., & Scully, C. (2006). Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: review of adverse effects and safety issues. British Dental Journal, 200(7), 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4813423
Triwardhani, A., Djaharu'ddin, I., & Herawan, P. A. (2019). Effectivity comparison between three different enamel remineralizing agent postfix orthodontic treatment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 11(10), e906–e912. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.55933
Van Gastel, J., Quirynen, M., Teughels, W., & Carels, C. (2007). The relationships between malocclusion, fixed orthodontic appliances and periodontal disease. A review of the literature. Australian Orthodontic Journal, 23(2), 121–129.
Venkatesh, S., Ajmera, S., & Ganeshkar, S. V. (2014). Volumetric pulp changes after orthodontic treatment determined by cone-beam computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics, 40(11), 1758–1763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.029
Vidor, M. M., Felix, R. P., Marchioro, E. M., & Hahn, L. (2015). Enamel surface evaluation after bracket debonding and different resin removal methods. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 20(2), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.2.061-067.oar
Zaher, A. R., Abdalla, E. M., Abdel Motie, M. A., Rehman, N. A., Kassem, H., & Athanasiou, A. E. (2012). Enamel colour changes after debonding using various bonding systems. Journal of Orthodontics, 39(2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1179/1465312512Z.0000000009
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can set separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. The authors have declared to hold all permissions to use the resources they provided in the paper (images, tables, among others) and assume full responsibility for damages to third parties.
4. The opinions expressed in the paper are the exclusive responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the editors or the Universidad Nacional.
Uniciencia Journal and all its productions are under Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Unported.
There is neither fee for access nor Article Processing Charge (APC)
