Exposición a la contaminación antropogénica por mercurio y sus efectos en la salud. Revisión Bibliográfica.
Resumen
Diseño: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sin meta-análisis de investigaciones científicas publicadas entre los años 2015 y 2021, en revistas recuperadas de Scopus y Science Direct. Objetivo: aportar evidencia científica sobre la exposición al mercurio y sus efectos en la salud a partir de investigaciones científicas publicadas. Materiales y métodos: Se siguieron los pasos estandarizados de búsqueda referentes a la guía de la Asociación Española de Enfermería en Cuidados Paliativos (AECPAL), además, se verificó la validez y la precisión de cada artículo, haciendo uso complementario de una versión adaptada de GRADE a estudios observacionales. Resultados: Se encontraron concentraciones de mercurio en sangre muy altos, en trabajadores de la industria del oro y de lámparas fluorescentes, oscilando entre 13,16µg/L y 54,05µg/L. Se señalan efectos teratógenos asociados a muerte fetal, anomalía congénita, parto espontáneo y restricción en el crecimiento y en la población ocupacionalmente expuestas fueron el deterioro cognitivo, la hipercolesteremia, infertilidad, autismo y defectos en el tubo neural. Conclusiones: los valores de concentración de mercurio en sangre y sus efectos en la salud son notablemente variables entre los estudios, pero se ha evidenciado las principales actividades sociales que implican exposición y sus efectos asociados.
Citas
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