On “Unspoken Language of Things” Basic Grammatical Features of Mesoamerican Languages Bilingual Version

Authors

  • Rafael Lara-Martínez New Mexico Tech, Nuevo México , United States

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/istmica.37.4

Keywords:

Mesoamerican linguistics, Monolingual literature, nationalism, philosophy of language, Salvadoran identity

Abstract

“The Unspoken Language of Things” presents “twenty (20) basic grammatical features of Mesoamerican languages” to a Salvadoran audience. Since almost all universities exclude the study of Native linguistics from their curriculum, only foreign research provides accurate data on ancestral mother tongues, except for current Nahuat revitalization. Whether it is the idea of a Latin American philosophy, as well as the concept of decolonization, a dialogue between these disciplines and linguistics seems impossible. If history repeats that forgetting denies the past and complicates future projects, languages do not play a role in its reflection of national events, not even in “silent” indigenous revolts. In a similar way, literature constructs a monolingual canon that eliminates most of the ancestral poetics, replaced by prestigious foreign tongues, i.e., Quiché, Yucatec, Nahuatl, etc. The essay focuses on twenty basic grammatical features to include a clear contrast with the official national language, conceived as the only one capable of translating the world into words. We must question the critical roots of nationalist identity without a dialogue with its own linguistic history. Language is located at the vertex of a notional triangle by linking the right to communal lands with
ancient culture, now renovated.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arco López, Nicolas. Los clasificadores numerales y las clases nominales en ch’ol. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría en Lingüística Indoamericana, 2009. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/1217/1/TE%20A.L.%202009%20Nicolas%20Arcos%20Lopez.pdf

Arendt, Hannah . “Introduction”. En/In: Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, Schoken Books, 1969: 1-53.

Barret, Rusty. “Poetics”. En/In: Judith Aissen, Nora C. England, and Roberto Zavala Maldonado (Eds.), The Mayan Languages. NY: Routledge, 2017: 433- 457.

Kate Bellany, “The numeral system of Purepecha”. STUF: In press. https://shs.hal.science/halshs03280910/file/Purepecha_Numeral_System_HALSH.pdf.

Benjamin, Walter. Illuminations. New York: Schoken Books, 1969. Edited with and Introduction by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn.

---. Reflections. New York: Schocken Books, 1986. Edited with an Introduction by Peter Demetz. Translated by Edmund Jephcott.

---. “Philosophie du langage”, Paris: Éditions Payot et Rivages, 2020. Préface, Sébastien Smirou. Traduit de l’allemand par Fréderic Joly.

Campbell, Lyle,Terrence Kauffman, and Thomas C. Smith-Stark. “Mesoamerica as a Linguistic Area”. Language, vol. 62, no. 3, 1986: 530-570.

Coon, Jessica. Aspects of Split Ergativity. Oxford/New York: Oxford U. P., 2013.

Cruz Vargas, Sandy. Las oraciones de complemento en el zapoteco de San Miguel Cajonos. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría, https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/1166/1/TE%20C.V.%202020%20Sandy%20Cruz%20Vargas.pdf.

Chamoreau, Claudine. “La Mésoamérique. Une aire graduelle de convergences structurelles”. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, 2017: 179-206.

Domínguez Reboiras, Fernando . Ramón Llull. España: Arpa Editores, 2016. Guarcax González, José Celestino. Las cláusulas relativas en el kaqchikel de Solalá. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría, 2016. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/815/1/TE%20G.G.%202016%20Jose%20Celestino%20Guarcax%20Gonzalez.pdf.

García von Hoegen., Magda Angélica. “Vista de las voces de K’otz’i’j”. In: Escena. Revista de las Artes, enero-junio 2024: 77-105. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/escena/article/view/55919/58940.

Grinevald, Colette. “The expression of static location in a typological perspective”. En/In: Maya Hichman & Stéphan Robert (eds.), Space in Language, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamin Publishing Company, 2006: 29-58. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/8116/1/160.pdf.pdf

Gutiérrez Sánchez, Pedro and Roberto Zavala, “Chol and Chontal”. Leipzig, May 21, 2025. https://www.academia.edu/73914447/Chol_and_Chontal_Two_Mayan_Languages_of_the_Agentive_Type?email_work_card=view-paper&li=0.

Hopkins, Nicholas A. “The Noun Classifiers of Cuchumatán Mayan Languages”. IJAL, vol. 78, no. 3, July 2012: 411-427.

Hopkins, Nicholas, J. Kathryn Josserand, and Ausencio Cruz Guzmán. “A Historical Dictionary of Ch’ol (Mayan)”. Tallahassee, FL: Jaguar Tours, 2011. https://www.academia.edu/104959122/A_Historical_Dictionary_of_

Chol_Mayan_The_Lexical_Sources_from_1789_TO_1935?email_work_card=view-paper.

Lara-Martínez, Rafael. “Aritmética náhuat”. Centroamericana, 18, 2010: 65-75.

Lardé y Larín, Jorge. El Salvador: Historia de sus villas y ciudades (1957). San Salvador: Concultura, 2000.

Lehmann, Christian. “Foundations of Body-Part Grammar”. 2016. https://www.christianlehmann.eu/publ/lehmann_foundations_body_part_grammar_161219.pdf.

Long C., Rebecca y Sofronio Cruz M. Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho Oaxaca. México: ILV, 2000.

Membreño, María de. Literatura de El Salvador. San Salvador: Tipografía Central, ¿1955-9?

Morales Moreno, José Isidro. Estructura de cláusula, foco y tópico en rarámuri de Rechéachi, Chihuahua. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría, 2016. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/600/1/TEM.M. 2016 Jose Isidro Morales Moreno.pdf.

Palancar, Enrique L. y Roberto Zavala Maldonado, “Clases léxicas y estructuras de cláusula compleja en Mesoamérica”, 2013. https://www.academia.edu/86839398/Clases_l%C3%A9xicas_posesi%C3%B3n_y_estructuras_de_cl%C3%A1usula_compleja_en_Mesoam%C3%A9rica.

Peralta Ramírez, Valentín. “La incorporación nominal en el náhuatl”, 2022. https://www.scribd.com/document/584911338/Peralta-Ramirez-V-2014-La-Incorporacion-Nominal-en-El-Nahuatl.

Ramírez Hernández, Abel. Inclusivo y exclusivo en el náhuat de Mecayapan. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría, 2012. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/1073/1/TE%20R.H.%202012%20Abel%20Ramirez%20Hernandez.pdf.

Rilke, Rainer Maria. Diario Florentino. Buenos Aires: Editorial y Librería Goncourt, 1973.

Scott, Tessa. Pronouns and agreement in San Juan Atitán Mam. San Francisco:UC-Berkeley, PHD-Dissertation, 2023.

Toledo, Eladio Mateo. La predicación no verbal y las construcciones copulares en el tnu’u23dau23 de Santa María Peñol, Etla, Oaxaca. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría, 2014. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/191/1/8%20ELODIA%20RAMIREZ%20PEREZ%20TESIS.pdf.

Vásquez López, Hugo Héctor. Las construcciones de verbos seriales en tojol-ab’al”. México: CIESAS, tesis de maestría en Lingüística Indoamericana, 2019. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/1017/1/TE%20V.L.%202019%20Hugo%20Hector%20

Vazquez%20Lopez.pdf.

Vásquez Martínez, Norma Leticia. Relaciones gramaticales de la cláusula simple en el zapoteco de San Pedro Mixtepec. México: CIESAS, tesis

de maestría, 2016. https://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1015/1118/1/TE%20V.M.%202016%20Norma%20Leticia%20Vasquez%20Martinez.pdf

Vázquez Soto, Verónica. “Ahí, pero dónde, cómo. Predicados locativos y cópulas existenciales en cora meseño”. En: Claudine Chamareau, Langue du Mexique, (Revue de’Ethnolinguistique Amerindienne, no. 37 (1), 2013), 133-192.

Vinogradov, Igor. “From enclitic to prefix”. Morphology/Springer Scienbce+Business Media Dordrecht, 2017:105-122. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. London: Kegan

Paul, Trench Trubner & Co., 1922. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5740/5740-pdf.pdf

Wolgemuth, Carl. Gramática náhuatl (Melaz’tájtol), Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz. México: ILV, 2002. Zavala, Roberto. “Akatek Voice Constructions”. IJAL, vol. 63, no. 4, 1997:439-474.

---. “Entre conejos, diablos y vendedores de caca”. Tlalocan XIII. https://www.academia.edu/73914452/Entre_Conejos_Diablos_y_Vendedores_De_Caca_Rasgos_Gramaticales_Del_Oluteco_en_Tres_De_Sus_Cuentos.

---. “Olutec Motion Verbs”. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, 2014. https://www.academia.edu/73914450/Olutec_motion_verbs_grammaticalization_under_Mayan_contact.

Published

2026-01-31

Issue

Section

Artículos (sección arbitrada)

How to Cite

“On ‘Unspoken Language of Things’ Basic Grammatical Features of Mesoamerican Languages Bilingual Version”. 2026. ÍSTMICA. Revista De La Facultad De Filosofía Y Letras 1 (37). https://doi.org/10.15359/istmica.37.4.