Caracterização acústica de fazendas sob pagamento por serviços ambientais na Reserva Florestal Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/rca.58-2.1Palavras-chave:
conservação, detecção automatizada, índices acústicos, monitoramento acústico, paisagem sonoraResumo
[Introdução]: Na América Latina, a sensível biodiversidade tropical encontrada fora das áreas selvagens protegidas está ameaçada. Na Costa Rica, o pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) representa um mecanismo para proteger as florestas em explorações agrícolas privadas, mas carece de indicadores específicos sobre o estado da biodiversidade e da conservação das florestas. [Objetivo]: Analisar o uso do monitoramento acústico para avaliação de ecossistemas em 11 sítios da Península de Osa: 9 em fazendas privadas e 2 sítios dentro do Parque Nacional do Corcovado. [Metodologia]: As paisagens sonoras foram gravadas de 25 de maio a 1º de junho de 2021, utilizando gravadores acústicos. O comportamento de 6 índices acústicos é estudado em cada local de amostragem e foi aplicada uma análise automatizada de detecção de vocalizações de 2 espécies de aves representativas da área. [Resultados]: Verifica-se que os locais mais fragmentados apresentaram maior atividade, energia e diversidade acústica, possivelmente devido aos efeitos de borda e ecótonos presentes, bem como um elevado componente florestal na matriz circundante. A detecção automatizada de vocalização indicou que Hylopezus perspicillatus era mais sensível às diferenças de paisagem do que Trogon bairdii. [Conclusões]: A utilização de índices acústicos, embora associe características do grau de conservação florestal, não foi um elemento diferenciador da qualidade do ecossistema nas fazendas avaliadas, mas o monitoramento das espécies através da detecção de suas vocalizações foi promissor. Recomenda-se um desenho amostral metódico e rigoroso, com mais pontos de amostragem por local, para obter medições precisas e evitar vieses na análise.
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