The assessment of landscape anthropization in natural protected areas using quantitative indicators: A case study of the Pico Azul-La Escalera Environmental Protection Zone in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/rca.59-2.5Keywords:
anthronatural landscapes;, coefficient of anthropogenic transformation;, degree of naturalness;, hemerobia;, index of anthropization of vegetation cover;, land degradation index;Abstract
[Introduction]: The process of anthropization involves transformations that lead to changes in the composition, structure, functioning, dynamics, and evolution of landscapes. Its evaluation is essential for measuring the impacts caused by human activities in natural protected areas. [Methodology]: The research proposes taking as a case study the Pico Azul-La Escalera Environmental Protection Zone, in Mexico, and as a spatial unit, the anthroponatural landscapes. The comparative analysis of the results evaluates anthropization for this territory, using indices degree of naturalness (Gn) of Bollo and Velazco; index of anthropization of the vegetation cover (IACV) of Shishenko; coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of Shishenko (KAN); land degradation index (LDI) of Rulev, and degree of hemerobia (M) of Steinhardt and collaborators. [Results]: Of the 5 indices evaluated, only the KAN and the M offer congruent results when compared with the 5 categories established a priori, using the statistical method of natural breakdown, with a correspondence of more than 90 and 98.53 %, respectively. The worst results corresponded to the land degradation index, the anthropization of vegetation cover index and the degree of naturalness with 46.32 %, 52.2 % and 53.68 %, respectively. [Conclusions]: The results obtained here on M can contribute to generalizing its application to categorize the ranges resulting from applying this indicator in natural protected areas from being the one that offers the best results by the method of distribution of the categories.
References
Battiston, R., di Pietro, W., Amerini, R. & Sciberras, A. (2020). The praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) as indicators for biodiversity and environmental conservation: a case study from the Maltese and Balearic archipelagos. Biodiversity, 21(3), 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2020.1848623
Belem, A. L. & Nucci, J. (2011). Hemerobia das paisagens: conceito, classificação e aplicação no bairro Pici-Fortaleza/CE. Raega-O Espaço Geográfico em Análise, (21), 204-233.
https://revistas.ufpr.br/raega/article/view/21247/14031
Berezhnyy, В. (2014). Methodical principles of anthropogenic transformation study of environment (on an example of Kupiansk district, Kharkiv region). Human Geography Journal, 16(1), 144-150. https://periodicals.karazin.ua/socecongeo/article/view/346
Bollo, M. & Velazco, W. (2018). El Estado del Medio Ambiente en Michoacán de Ocampo. México. Cuadernos geográficos de la Universidad de Granada, 57(3), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v57i3.6504
Bollo, M., Martínez, A. & Martín, G. (2022). Los paisajes antropogénicos del municipio Morelia, Michoacán de Ocampo-México. Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía, 32(1), 50-69. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v32n1,92063
Borges do Couto, J. P., Nucci, J. C. & Liberti, E. (2022). Hemerobia como indicador de qualidade ambiental na bacia do Ribeirão dos Padilhas, Curitiba-Paraná-Brasil. Acta Geográfica, 16(41), 189-210. https://doi.org/10.18227/2177-4307.acta.v16i41,6639
Bourema, D. (2021). Anthropogenic transformation of environment. Учредители: Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 7(2), 36-48. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/12/2121
Cruz-Paz, G., Castillo, M., Espinoza-Tenorio, A., Bravo-Peña, L., Valencia, E. & Mesa-Jurado, M. (2018). Áreas prioritarias de conservación en la cuenca Usumacinta. La aplicación de un enfoque multicriterio. Investigaciones geográficas, (97). https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.59482
Curra-Sánchez, E. D., Suárez, A. M. & Salinas-Chávez, E. (2015). Diagnóstico ambiental del sector costero Quibú-Almendares, municipio Playa, La Habana, Cuba. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 35(2). https://revistas.uh.cu/rim/article/view/5868
de Andrade, H. (2023). Interweaving the Sciences: the transdisciplinarization of the Anthropocene. Educação y Realidade, 48, e121323. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-6236121323vs02
Diegues, A. C. (2008). O mito moderno da natureza Intocada, São Paulo: NUPAUB-USP.
https://nupaub.fflch.usp.br/sites/nupaub.fflch.usp.br/files/O%20mito%20moderno.compressed.pdf
Gorbunov, A. S., Mikhno, V. B. & Bykovskaya, O. G. P. (2022). Agricultural Landscape Studies in Russian Federation. Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 7(4), 83-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-022-00072-9
Griffin, S. R., Bruninga-Socolar, B. & Gibbs, J. (2021). Bee communities in restored prairies are structured by landscape and management, not local floral resources. Basic and Applied Ecology, (50), 144-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020,12.004
Gusmão, L. H., Lobo, M. & Tourinho, H. (2021). Mudança do Uso e da Cobertura da Terra e Hemerobia das Paisagens: o caso da Região Geográfica Imediata de Belém-Pará (1985-2018). Geografia (Londrina), 30(2), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2021v30n2p169
Jenks, G. (1967). The data model concept in statistical mapping. International yearbook of cartography, 7, 186-190. http://spencer.lib.ku.edu/
Júnior, H. D. (2023). Interweaving the Sciences: the transdisciplinarization of the Anthropocene. Educação & Realidade, 48, e121323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-6236121323vs02
Lee, W. H., Abdullah, S. A. & Nor, S. B. M. (2019). Land use and landscape pattern changes on the inside and outside of protected areas in Urbanizing Selangor state, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 12(2), 41-63. https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2019-0009
Malchykova, D., Ponomareva, A. & Molikevych, R. (2015). Environmental protection and spatial planning of eco-net strategies in regions with high level of anthropogenic transformation of geosystems. Boletín científico de la Universidad Estatal de Jersón. Serie de Ciencias Geográficas, (2), 92-107. https://gj.journal.kspu.edu/index.php/gj/article/view/143/137
Mateo, J. M. y Ortiz, M. (2001). La degradación de los paisajes como concepción teórico-metodológica. Nueva Época, (1), 20-40. https://biblat.unam.mx/es/revista/serie-varia-instituto-de-geografia-unam/articulo/la-degradacion-de-los-paisajes-como-concepcion-teorico-metodologica
Morales, H., Priego, A. G., Bollo, M. & Ríos, M. J. (2019). La antropización de la cobertura vegetal en los paisajes del estado de Chiapas, México. Papeles de Geografía, 65, p. 139-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/geografia.396571
Priego, Á., Cotler, H., Fregoso, A., Luna, N. & Enríquez, C. (2004). La dinámica ambiental de la cuenca Lerma-Chapala. Gaceta ecológica, (71), 23-38. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=53907103
Ramón, A. & Bollo, M. (2023). El índice de antropización de la cubierta vegetal como medida de la antropización de áreas naturales protegidas: Caso Pico Azul-La Escalera, México. Revista de Ciencias Ambientales, 57(2), 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rca.57-2.4
Ramón, A., Salinas, E. & Acevedo, P. (2011). La determinación de los conflictos de uso del territorio: Cuenca Alta del Río Cauto. Cuba. Terra, 27(42), 47-71. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextypid=S1012-70892011000200003ylng=esytlng =es
Rulev, A. S. & Pugacheva, A. M. (2019). Formation of a new agroforestry paradigm. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 89, 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331619050071
Rulev, A. S. (2007). Landscape-Geographical Approach in Agroforestry. Rusia: VNIALM.
Shishenko, P. G. (1988). Estabilidad de los paisajes a las cargas económicas. Geografía Física Aplicada. Editorial de la Escuela Superior de Kiev.
Shishenko, P. G. (1999). Principles and methods of landscape analysis in regional design. Ucrania: Fytosotsyotsentr.
Silva, M. A. & de Faria, K. M. (2021). Hemerobia de paisagem em áreas úmidas na zona urbana de Inhumas, GO, Brasil. Terr@ Plural, (15), 1-16. https://revistas.uepg.br/index.php/tp/article/view/15201
Steinhardt, U., Herzog, F., Lausch, A., Müller, E. & Lehmann, S. (1999). Hemeroby index for landscape monitoring and evaluation. En D. E. Hyatt, R. Lenz & Y. A. Pykh (eds.), Environmental indices systems analysis approach. Advances in sustainable development. Proceedings of the first international conference on environmental indices systems analysis approach (INDEX-97), St. Petersburg, Russia, July 7-11, 1997, EOLSS, Oxford, 237-254.
Tabunschik, V., Gorbunov, R., Bratanov, N., Gorbunova, T., Mirzoeva, N. & Voytsekhovskaya, V. (2023). Fatala River Basin (Republic of Guinea, Africa): Analysis of Current State, Air Pollution, and Anthropogenic Impact Using Geoinformatics Methods and Remote Sensing Data. Sustainability, 15(22), 15798. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215798
Tabunschik, V., Gorbunov, R. & Gorbunova, T. (2022). Anthropogenic Transformation of the River Basins of the Northwestern Slope of the Crimean Mountains (The Crimean Peninsula). Land, 11(12), 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122121
Taft, J. B., Hauser, C. & Robertson, K. R. (2006). Estimating floristic integrity in tallgrass prairie. Biological Conservation, 131(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.006
Torres-Gómez, M., Delgado, L. E., Marín, V. H. & Bustamante, R. O. (2009). Estructura del paisaje a lo largo de gradientes urbano-rurales en la cuenca del río Aisén (región de Aisén, Chile). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 82(1), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-078x2009000100005
Trischler, H. (2017). El Antropoceno, ¿un concepto geológico o cultural, o ambos? Desacatos, (54), 40-57. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/desacatos/n54/2448-5144-desacatos-54-00040.pdf
Tubalov, A. A. (2023). Spatial Principles of Territories Selection for Priority Development of Agroforestry Complexes. Forests, 14(6), 1225. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14061225
Urbano, B., Ortigosa, D., Garcés Salazar, J., Aristeo-Hernández, J., González-Liano, M., Álvarez-Cerrillo, L. R., Alarcón, E., Hernández, R., Martínez, C., Sánchez, E., Tapia, P., Molina Garduño, E., Romero, L., Peláez, S., Galindo, E., Coca, D. & Reguero, M. (2019). Evaluación de la antropización usando a los moluscos como parámetro. En C. P. Ornelas-García, F. A. y A. Wegier (eds.), Antropización: Primer análisis integral (pp. 199-220). IBUNAM, CONACYT.
Varenik, A. V. & Konovalov, S. K. (2023). Contribution of Atmospheric Depositions to Inventory of Nutrients in the Coastal Waters of Crimea. Applied Sciences, 13(5), 3178. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215798
Walz, U. & Stein, C. (2014). Indicators of hemeroby for the monitoring of landscapes in Germany. Journal for Nature Conservation, 22(3), 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.01.007
Yukhnovskyi, V. Y. & Zibtseva, O. V. (2019). Estimation of ecological stability of small-town Bucha in Kyiv region. Ukrainian Geographical Journal, 2(106), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2019.02.049
Zanozin, V. V. (2021). Structure and Modern Anthropogenic Transformation of the Central Area of the Volga River Delta Landscape, Russia. Perm State National Research University.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tropical Journal of Environmental Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
