At the rhythm of the tide: acoustic landscape characterization of the coastal areas of Punta Morales, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/revmar.13-2.4Keywords:
Tides, coastal ecosystems, ecoacoustics, geophonies, acoustic indicesAbstract
In coastal ecosystems, geophonies are a fundamental part of the acoustic landscape, and the impact of waves on their geomorphology is an example of it. An Audiomoth recorder was placed in four coastal sites of Punta Morales, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, from November 22 to December 18, 2020, and the devices were programmed to record 60 seconds every 10 minutes for 24 hours with the objective of characterizing the acoustic landscape associated to the tidal cycles of this locality. From the recordings, for the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index (NDSI), the Technophones, the Acoustic Entropy (TE), and the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) were analyzed. Comparisons of one-way trimmed means of all indices were made between the four study areas, and a correlation was made between the tide level and the SPL value at each sampling site; finally, these values were compared at high and low tide at each location. Differences were found for all indices between sites, a positive correlation was identified between the SPL of two of the study areas with the tide level, and differences in the SPL were observed between high tide and low tide. The substrate and vegetation of the surveyed region could have influenced these differences. In addition, waves significantly modify the acoustic dynamics of some places, so this factor could have affected the soundscape in this coastal zone.
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