Identificación de hongo productor de biosurfactante, aislado de manglar costarricense
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.40-1.5Palabras clave:
hemólisis, Trichoderma sp., identificación molecular, metabolitos secundarios, índice de emulsificación, ITS, colapso de gotaResumen
En Costa Rica, el potencial de los manglares no ha sido estudiado desde una perspectiva biotecnológica, a pesar de múltiples reportes de hongos prometedores asociados a estos ecosistemas en otras latitudes, incluyendo potencial biosurfactante. Tales moléculas se utilizan principalmente en la industria como emulsificadores; sin embargo, también se reportan aplicaciones en áreas como la salud, la farmacia y la agricultura. [Objetivo] El objetivo de este estudio fue tamizar e identificar preliminarmente cepas fúngicas capaces de producir biosurfactantes, mediante la implementación de ensayos efectivos, de bajo costo y fáciles de efectuar, para su futura explotación. [Metodología] Cinco cepas fúngicas del manglar de Manuel Antonio en Puntarenas, Costa Rica, fueron aisladas, identificadas molecularmente y evaluadas para producción biosurfactante, utilizando el caldo crudo del biosurfactante. Se evaluaron la prueba de colapso de gota, el desplazamiento de aceite, el índice de emulsificación y las pruebas de hemólisis. [Resultados] El uso del caldo crudo de biosurfactante minimizó el costo y el tiempo requeridos para las purificaciones, lo que nos permitió reducir el periodo de evaluación en todas las fermentaciones. El aislamiento MP4 mostró, entre todas y de forma consistente, un mejor desempeño en el índice de emulsificación y en la prueba de hemólisis. Se analizaron los marcadores ITS y LSU; MP4 fue taxonómicamente asignado como Trichoderma sp. y mostró una cercana relación a T. melanomagnum. [Conclusiones] Nuestros resultados enfatizan el potencial no explorado de los recursos de manglar en Costa Rica para la producción de biosurfactante y, a pesar de ser preliminares, demuestran el valor de realizar futuros estudios exhaustivos que evalúen este potencial fúngico.
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