Forest Monitoring with Remote Sensing Within the Framework of Climate Change
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/udre.6-2.4Keywords:
climate change, forest monitoring, remote sensingAbstract
The research of the effects of the climate change is one of the biggest challenges for the humanity. Nowadays, there is a debate about the amount and the flow of the carbon reservation in the forests. As soon as, these flows reduces the concentrations of the CO2 in the atmosphere. In this context, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change’s deals with concerted actions in an international level to reduce the emissions of CO2 and increase carbon (C) sequestration through the human intervention, including any activity related with the forest management. However, the forestry and the forest management have been recognized as activities which are extremely difficult to established a quantative control of the contributions induced by activities of the human been relative to the emissions or the carbon sequestration to the atmosphere. In the different conventions and agreements, for example, the agreements Marrakech (2001), only the reforestation was included as an eligible action in the context of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). After tough negotiations, and with the passage of time, a range of forest activities were incorporated, culminating with the processes of REDD and REDD+, for example, the financial compensation for the successful national arrangements reducing the deforestation and the forest degradation. It was thought then, about the necessity of counting with effective and reliable systems of tracing. Through the reports of Measuring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) has been established and accepted as an standard framework for monitoiring processes, consisting in a resourse inventory (the tradional forest inventories) as a key component. This work approaches and analyzes the challenges of the remote sensing in the context of the projects related with forest and MRV. In addition, it becomes an approach of the necessity of studying the seasonal changes of the vegetation in Costa Rica and how this variations can affect the results of the projects of mapping the forest ecosystems.References
Andersson, K. T. E., & K., R. (2009). National forest carbon inventories: Policy needs and assessment capacity. Climate Change, 93(1), 69-101.
Asner, G. (2010). Forest carbon, biodiversity, and redd+: Opportunity and challenge .
Baker, W. and Cai, Y. (1992). The r.le programs for multiscale analysis of landscape structure using the grass geographic information system. Landscape Ecology, 7, 291-302.
Britton, S.B., Gurney, K. R., Tans, P. P., Sweeney, C., Peters, W., Bruhwiler, L., Ciais, P., Ramonet, M., Bousquet, P., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Machida, T., Inoue, G., innichenko, N., Armin, J.L., Jordan, Heimann, M., Shibistova, O., Langenfelds, R. L., Steele, L. P., and Denning, S.A. (2007). Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO2. Science, 316, 1732-1734.
Elkie, P., Rempel, R., and Carr, A. (1999). Patch Analyst User’s Manual. Ont. Min. Natur. Resour. Northwest Sci. and Technol. Thunder Bay, Ont. TM-002.
Fagan, M. and DeFries, R. (2009). Measurement and monitoring of the worlds forests: A review and summary of remote sensing technical capability, 2009-2015. Rff report, Columbia University.
Gibbs, H. K., Brown, S., Niles, J., and Foley, J. A. (2007). Monitoring and estimating tropical forest carbon stocks: making redd a reality. Environmental Research Letters, 2, 1-13.
GOFC-GOLD. (2009). Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and 46 degradation in developing countries: A sourcebook of methods and procedures 47 for monitoring, measuring and reporting, gofc-gold report version cop14-2, 48. Technical report, GOFC-GOLD Project Office, Natural Resources Canada, Alberta, Canada.
González, P., Asner, Gregory P., Battles, J. J., Lefsky, M. A., Waring, K. M., and Palace, M. (2010). Forest carbon densities and uncertainties from lidar, quickbird, and field measurements in california. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 1561-1575.
Gullison, R. E., Frumhoff, P., Canadell, J., Fiel, C., Nepstad, D., Hayhoe, K., Avissar, R., Curran, L., Friedlingtein, P., Jones, C., and Nobre, C. (2007). Tropical forests and climate policy. Science, 316, 885-986.
IISD (2011). Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV). On line.
Lindenmayer, D., Cunningham, R., Donnelly, C., and Lesslie, R. (2002). On the use of landscape surrogates as ecological indicators in fragmented forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 159, 203-216.
McGarigal, K., Cushman, S., Neel, M., and Ene, E. (2002). Fragstats v3: Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical maps. .Recuperado de: www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
Millington, A., Velez-Liendo, X., and Bradley, A. (2002). Scale dependence in multitemporal mapping of forest fragmentation in bolivia: implications for explaining temporal trends in landscape ecology and applications to biodiversity conservation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 57, 289-299.
Mladenoff, D. and DeZonia, B. (2004). Apack 2.23 analysis software.Recuperado de: http://flel.forest.wisc.edu.
Ollinger, S. V. (2011). Sources of variability in canopy reflectance and the convergent properties of plants. New Phytologist, 189(2), 375-394.
Riitters, K., Wickham, J., O’Neill, R., Jones, K., Smith, E., Coulston, J., Wade, T., and Smith, J. (2002). Fragmentation of continental united states forests. Ecosystems, 5, 815-822.
Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M.., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M., and M. H. (edits.) (2007). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Stephenson, N. L., Das, A. J., Condit, R., Russo, S. E., Baker, P. J., Beckman, N. G., Coomes, D. A., Lines, E. R., Morris, W. K., Rueger, N., Alvarez, E., Blundo, C., Bunyavejchewin, S., Chuyong, G., Davies, S. J., Duque, A., Ewango, C. N., Flores, O., Franklin, J. F., Grau, H. R., Hao, Z., Harmon, M. E., Hubbell, S. P., Kenfack, D., Lin, Y., Makana, J.-R., Malizia, A., Malizia, L. R., Pabst, R. J., Pongpattananurak, N., Su, S.-H., Sun, I.-F., Tan, S., Thomas, D., van Mantgem, P. J., Wang, X., K., W. S., and Zavala, M. A. (2014). Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size. Science, 507, 90-93.
Ustin, S. L., Roberts, D. A., Gamon, J.A., Asner, G. P., and Green, R. O. (2004). Using Imaging Spectroscopy to Study Ecosystem Processes and Properties. BioScience, 54(6), 523–534.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
La Revista y cada uno de los artículos que se publican están licenciados por Creative Commons Atribución No comercial Sin derivadas 4.0 Internacional.
