Seroprevalencia de Besnoitia besnoiti, Coxiella burnetii y Chlamydia abortus en hatos bovinos lecheros de la zona norte de Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/rcv.43-2.2Palabras clave:
inmunoensayo enzimático, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, coinfecciones, zoonosis, epidemiologíaResumen
Besnoitia besnoiti y los agentes zoonóticos Coxiella burnetii y Chlamydia abortus ocasionan enfermedad reproductiva en bovinos. En Costa Rica no se cuenta con reportes de prevalencia de B. besnoiti y C. burnetii. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia y distribución de estos tres agentes en fincas de lechería especializada y de doble propósito de la zona Huetar Norte de Costa Rica. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo. Fueron estudiados 600 animales de 40 fincas (15 por finca), ubicadas en los distritos de Aguas Zarcas (5), Ciudad Quesada (9), Fortuna (4), Monterrey (2), Muelle (3), Venecia (5) y Zarcero (12). El análisis serológico se realizó mediante los ensayos inmunoenzimáticos comerciales de la compañía ID.VET (Montpellier, Francia). La seroprevalencia determinada para B. besnoiti fue alta (27,3%). Animales seropositivos se encontraron en un 80% de las fincas y en todos los distritos analizados, menos en la Fortuna, con las mayores prevalencias en Aguas Zarcas (64%), Venecia (36,6 %) y Zarcero (33,3 %). La seroprevalencia de C. burnetii fue 16,8 %, los animales positivos se encontraron en un 70 % de las fincas y distribuidos en todos los distritos, en especial Zarcero (24,6 %), Ciudad Quesada (19,2 %) y Aguas Zarcas (17,7 %). Con respecto a C. abortus, se determinó una seroprevalencia de 1,3 %, los animales seropositivos se encontraron solamente en un 17,5 % de fincas en tres distritos: Aguas Zarcas (3,3 %), Monterrey (3,3 %) y Ciudad Quesada (2,9 %). Se recomienda alertar a los grupos productores veterinarios y autoridades, para que tomen las medidas de prevención y control necesarias, en particular para C. burnetii y C. abortus, por su potencial zoonótico y realizar investigaciones para confirmar la presencia de estos agentes mediante aislamiento o diagnóstico molecular.
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