Acute Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Performance and Perception of Extertion in Resistance Exercise
Keywords:
strength, streyching, resistance training
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to compare the acute effect of static and dynamic inter-set stretching on performance during resistance training. Thirty physically active and apparently healthy male subjects took part in the study with a minimum experience of four months in resistance training. The mean of age was 23.4 ± 3.2 years; the body mass was 71.7 ± 6.0 kg; the height was 172 ± 6.1cm; the body fat percentage represented 16. 3 ± 5.3%; and the lean mass was 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Then, subjects were randomly distributed in groups: control group (without stretching inter series), group with static inter series stretching (SS), and group with dynamic inter series stretching (DS). The groups were homogeneous in the 1RM (F (2.29) = 0.77, p = .47). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the behavior of the variables related to performance: (F(2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp2 = .02) in the fatigue index, (F(2,29) = 2.25, p =.12, ωp2 = .07) in the total number of repetitions. Neither significant differences were observed in the perceived exertion (F(2,29) = 0.46, p =.63, ωp2 = -.03). It is concluded that the performance expressed in the fatigue index and total number of repetitions, as well as the perceived exertion, is not acutely affected by the use of inter-series static or dynamic stretching.
References
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Amiri-Khorasani M., & Kellis E. (2015). Acute Effects of Different Agonist and Antagonist Stretching Arrangements on Static and Dynamic Range of Motion, Asian J Sports Med. 6(4): e26844. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.26844
Bacurau, R. F., Monteiro, G. A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Tricoli, V., Cabral, L. F., & Aoki, M. S. (2009). Acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching exercise bout on flexibility and maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res 23, 304-308. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181874d55
Barroso, R., Tricoli, V. Santos-Gil, S. D., Ugrinowitsch, C., & Roschel, H. (2012). Maximal strength, number of repetitions, and total volumen are differently affected by static-ballistic and propioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. J Strength Cond Res 26, 2432-2437. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823f2b4d
Beedle, B., Rytter, S. J., Healy, R. C., & Ward, T. R. (2008). Pretesting static and dynamic stretching does not affect maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res, 22 (6),1838-43. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181821bc9.
Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology 111(11), 2633-2651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1879-2.
Costa, O., Alonso-Aubin, D. A., Patrocinio, C., Candia-Luján, R., y de Paz, J. A. (2015). Métodos de evaluación de la composición corporal: una revisión actualizada de descripción, aplicación, ventajas y desventajas. Arch Med Deporte, 32(6), 387-394. http://www.elementssystem.com/pdfs/Costa%20.pdf
Costa, P. B., Herda, T. J., Herda, A. A., & Cramer, J. T. (2014). Effects of dynamic stretching on strength, muscle imbalance, and muscle activation. Med Sci Sports Exerc,46(3), 586-93. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000138
Costa, P. B., Ruas, C. V., & Smith, C. M. (2017). Effects of stretching and fatigue on peak torque, muscle imbalance and stability. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 58 (7-8). https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07072-4
Endlich, P.W., Farina, G. R., Dambroz, C., Gonçalves, W. L., Moysés, M. R., Mill, J. R., & Abreu, G. R. (2009). Acute effects of static stretching in dynamic force performance in young men. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 15 (3), 200-203. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922009000300007
Fowles, J., Sale, D., & MacDougall, J. (2000). Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantar flexors. J Appl Physiol, 89 (3), 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1179
Franco, B. L., Signorelli, G. R., Trajano, G. S., & Oliveira, C. G. (2008). Acute effects of different stretching exercises on muscular endurance. J Strength Cond Res 22, 1832-1837. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818218e1
Gomes, T. M., Simao, R., Marques, M.C., Costa, PB., & da Silva-Novaes., J. (2011). Acute effects of two different stretching methods on local muscular endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res 25, 745-752. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc236a
Karelis, A. D., Chamberland, G., Aubertin-Leheudre, M., & Duval, C. (2013). Validation of a portable bioelectrical impedance analyzer for the assessment of body composition. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 38(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0129.
Kay, A. D. & Blazevich, A. J. (2012). Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Med. sci. sports exerc., 44(1), 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318225cb27
Kubo, K., Kanehisa, H., Kawakami, Y., & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. J Appl Physiol 90, 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.520
Laur, D. J., Anderson, T., Geddes, G., Crandall, A., & Pincivero, M. (2003). The effects of acute stretching on hamstring muscle fatigue and perceived exertion. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000070886
McHugh, M. P., & Cosgrave, C. H. (2010). To stretch or not to stretch: the role of stretching in injury prevention and perfomance. Scan J Med Sports, 20,169-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01058.x
Miranda, H., De Freitas-Maia, M., Andrade-Paz, G., & Costa, P. B. (2015). Acute effects of antagonist static stretching in the inter-set rest period on repetition performance and muscle activation. Research in Sports Medicine, 23, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2014.975812
Nelson, A. G., Kokkonen, J., y Arnall, D. A. (2005). Acute muscle stretching inhibits muscle Strength endurance performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 338–343. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-15894.1
Opplert, J., & Babault, N. (2018). Acute Effects of Dynamic Stretching on Muscle Flexibility and Performance: An Analysis of the Current Literature. Sports Med, 48(2), 299-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0797-9.
Rabita, G., & Delextrad, A. (2013). Stretching. En Hausswirts. C. y Mujika. I. Recovery for performance in sport (pp.191-201). Champaing: Human Kinetics.
Robertson, R. J., Goss. F. L., Rutkowski, J., Lenz, B., Dixon, C., Timmer, J., & Andreacci, J. (2003). Concurrent Validation of the OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 35(2), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000048831.15016.2A
Ribeiro, A. S., Romanzini, M., Días, D. F., Ohara, D., da Silva, D. R., Achour, A., & Cyrino, E. S. (2014). Static stretching and performance in multiple sets in the bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res, 28(4), 1158-63. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000257.
Rubini, E., Costa, A., & Gomes, P. (2007). The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Med, 37(3), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737030-00003.
Sekir, U., Arabaci, R., Akova, B., & Kadagan, S. M. (2010). Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 20(2), 268-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00923.x
Serefoglu, A., Sekir, U., Gür, H., & Akova, B. (2017). Effects of static and dynamic stretching on the isokinetic peak torques and electromyographic activities of the antagonist muscles. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 16, 6-13. http://www.jssm.org/hf.php?id=jssm-16-6.xml
Sfrozo, G. A., & Touey, P. R. (1996). Manipulating exercise orden affects muscular performance during a resistence exercise training session. Journal Strength Cond Res, 10, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199602000-00004
Simic, L., Sarabon, N., & Markovic, G. (2013). Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23, 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01444.x.
Soares-Caldeira, L. F., Ritti-Dias, R. M., Okuno, N. M., Cyrino, E. S., Gurjao, A. L., & Ploutz-Snyder, L. L. (2009). Familiarization indexes in sessions of 1-RM tests in adult women. J Strengthn Cond Res, 23, 2039-2045. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e158
Souza, A. C., Melibe-Bentes, C., Freitas de Salles, B., Machado-Reis, V., Vilaça-Alves, J. Miranda, H., & da Silva-Novaes, J. (2013). Influence of inter-set stretching on strength, flexibility and hormonal adaptations. Journal of Human Kinetics 36, 127-135 https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0013
Turki-Belkhiria, L., Chaouachi, A., Turki, O., Chtourou, H., Chtara, M., Chamari, K., … Behm, D. G. (2013). Eight weeks of dynamic stretching during warm-ups improves jump power but not repeated or single sprint performance, Eur J Sport Science, 14(1), 19-27 https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.726651
Yamaguchi, T., & Ishii, K. (2005). Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(3), 677-683. https://doi.org/10.1519/15044.1
Yamaguchi, T., Ishii, K., Yamanaka, M., & Yasuda, K. (2007). Acute effects of dynamic stretching exercise on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1238-1244. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16095425/
Amiri-Khorasani M., & Kellis E. (2015). Acute Effects of Different Agonist and Antagonist Stretching Arrangements on Static and Dynamic Range of Motion, Asian J Sports Med. 6(4): e26844. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.26844
Bacurau, R. F., Monteiro, G. A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Tricoli, V., Cabral, L. F., & Aoki, M. S. (2009). Acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching exercise bout on flexibility and maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res 23, 304-308. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181874d55
Barroso, R., Tricoli, V. Santos-Gil, S. D., Ugrinowitsch, C., & Roschel, H. (2012). Maximal strength, number of repetitions, and total volumen are differently affected by static-ballistic and propioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. J Strength Cond Res 26, 2432-2437. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823f2b4d
Beedle, B., Rytter, S. J., Healy, R. C., & Ward, T. R. (2008). Pretesting static and dynamic stretching does not affect maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res, 22 (6),1838-43. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181821bc9.
Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology 111(11), 2633-2651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1879-2.
Costa, O., Alonso-Aubin, D. A., Patrocinio, C., Candia-Luján, R., y de Paz, J. A. (2015). Métodos de evaluación de la composición corporal: una revisión actualizada de descripción, aplicación, ventajas y desventajas. Arch Med Deporte, 32(6), 387-394. http://www.elementssystem.com/pdfs/Costa%20.pdf
Costa, P. B., Herda, T. J., Herda, A. A., & Cramer, J. T. (2014). Effects of dynamic stretching on strength, muscle imbalance, and muscle activation. Med Sci Sports Exerc,46(3), 586-93. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000138
Costa, P. B., Ruas, C. V., & Smith, C. M. (2017). Effects of stretching and fatigue on peak torque, muscle imbalance and stability. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 58 (7-8). https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07072-4
Endlich, P.W., Farina, G. R., Dambroz, C., Gonçalves, W. L., Moysés, M. R., Mill, J. R., & Abreu, G. R. (2009). Acute effects of static stretching in dynamic force performance in young men. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 15 (3), 200-203. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922009000300007
Fowles, J., Sale, D., & MacDougall, J. (2000). Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantar flexors. J Appl Physiol, 89 (3), 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1179
Franco, B. L., Signorelli, G. R., Trajano, G. S., & Oliveira, C. G. (2008). Acute effects of different stretching exercises on muscular endurance. J Strength Cond Res 22, 1832-1837. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818218e1
Gomes, T. M., Simao, R., Marques, M.C., Costa, PB., & da Silva-Novaes., J. (2011). Acute effects of two different stretching methods on local muscular endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res 25, 745-752. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc236a
Karelis, A. D., Chamberland, G., Aubertin-Leheudre, M., & Duval, C. (2013). Validation of a portable bioelectrical impedance analyzer for the assessment of body composition. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 38(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0129.
Kay, A. D. & Blazevich, A. J. (2012). Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Med. sci. sports exerc., 44(1), 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318225cb27
Kubo, K., Kanehisa, H., Kawakami, Y., & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. J Appl Physiol 90, 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.520
Laur, D. J., Anderson, T., Geddes, G., Crandall, A., & Pincivero, M. (2003). The effects of acute stretching on hamstring muscle fatigue and perceived exertion. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000070886
McHugh, M. P., & Cosgrave, C. H. (2010). To stretch or not to stretch: the role of stretching in injury prevention and perfomance. Scan J Med Sports, 20,169-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01058.x
Miranda, H., De Freitas-Maia, M., Andrade-Paz, G., & Costa, P. B. (2015). Acute effects of antagonist static stretching in the inter-set rest period on repetition performance and muscle activation. Research in Sports Medicine, 23, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2014.975812
Nelson, A. G., Kokkonen, J., y Arnall, D. A. (2005). Acute muscle stretching inhibits muscle Strength endurance performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 338–343. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-15894.1
Opplert, J., & Babault, N. (2018). Acute Effects of Dynamic Stretching on Muscle Flexibility and Performance: An Analysis of the Current Literature. Sports Med, 48(2), 299-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0797-9.
Rabita, G., & Delextrad, A. (2013). Stretching. En Hausswirts. C. y Mujika. I. Recovery for performance in sport (pp.191-201). Champaing: Human Kinetics.
Robertson, R. J., Goss. F. L., Rutkowski, J., Lenz, B., Dixon, C., Timmer, J., & Andreacci, J. (2003). Concurrent Validation of the OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 35(2), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000048831.15016.2A
Ribeiro, A. S., Romanzini, M., Días, D. F., Ohara, D., da Silva, D. R., Achour, A., & Cyrino, E. S. (2014). Static stretching and performance in multiple sets in the bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res, 28(4), 1158-63. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000257.
Rubini, E., Costa, A., & Gomes, P. (2007). The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Med, 37(3), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737030-00003.
Sekir, U., Arabaci, R., Akova, B., & Kadagan, S. M. (2010). Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 20(2), 268-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00923.x
Serefoglu, A., Sekir, U., Gür, H., & Akova, B. (2017). Effects of static and dynamic stretching on the isokinetic peak torques and electromyographic activities of the antagonist muscles. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 16, 6-13. http://www.jssm.org/hf.php?id=jssm-16-6.xml
Sfrozo, G. A., & Touey, P. R. (1996). Manipulating exercise orden affects muscular performance during a resistence exercise training session. Journal Strength Cond Res, 10, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199602000-00004
Simic, L., Sarabon, N., & Markovic, G. (2013). Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23, 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01444.x.
Soares-Caldeira, L. F., Ritti-Dias, R. M., Okuno, N. M., Cyrino, E. S., Gurjao, A. L., & Ploutz-Snyder, L. L. (2009). Familiarization indexes in sessions of 1-RM tests in adult women. J Strengthn Cond Res, 23, 2039-2045. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e158
Souza, A. C., Melibe-Bentes, C., Freitas de Salles, B., Machado-Reis, V., Vilaça-Alves, J. Miranda, H., & da Silva-Novaes, J. (2013). Influence of inter-set stretching on strength, flexibility and hormonal adaptations. Journal of Human Kinetics 36, 127-135 https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0013
Turki-Belkhiria, L., Chaouachi, A., Turki, O., Chtourou, H., Chtara, M., Chamari, K., … Behm, D. G. (2013). Eight weeks of dynamic stretching during warm-ups improves jump power but not repeated or single sprint performance, Eur J Sport Science, 14(1), 19-27 https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.726651
Yamaguchi, T., & Ishii, K. (2005). Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(3), 677-683. https://doi.org/10.1519/15044.1
Yamaguchi, T., Ishii, K., Yamanaka, M., & Yasuda, K. (2007). Acute effects of dynamic stretching exercise on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1238-1244. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16095425/
Published
2020-10-08
How to Cite
Espinoza Acuña, G., Sánchez Ureña, B., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gutiérrez Vargas, J., Cordero Duarte, K., & Blanco Romero, L. (2020). Acute Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Performance and Perception of Extertion in Resistance Exercise. MHSalud: Revista En Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Salud, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.18-1.1
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