Considerações dos alunos sobre as ações de resistência durante a ditadura chilena a partir da dimensão ética do pensamento histórico

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/rp.28.6

Palavras-chave:

ditadura civil-militar, ética, estudantes, pensamento histórico, Estudos Sociais, História

Resumo

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as motivações e a relevância atribuídas pelos alunos às ações de resistência individual e coletiva desenvolvidas pelos cidadãos durante a ditadura chilena. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória que analisa 70 respostas elaboradas por 35 alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública de Santiago do Chile. Os resultados mostram que os participantes acreditam que os sujeitos históricos se organizaram contra a ditadura por motivações gerais e a-históricas (defesa dos direitos humanos, perda do medo e desejo de mudança), além de valorizarem e apontarem que as ações coletivas dos cidadãos foram a principal causa da queda da ditadura liderada por Pinochet. Esse último fato demonstra a necessidade de tornar mais complexas as histórias difíceis e de trabalhar explícita e sistematicamente a partir da dimensão ética do pensamento histórico.

Biografia do Autor

Andrés Soto Yonhson, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, España

Chileno. Magíster en Didáctica de la Historia y las Ciencias Sociales por la Universidad Alberto Hurtado (UAH), Santiago, Chile. Doctorando en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, España. Correo electrónico: Andres.SotoY@autonoma.cat ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1423

María Soledad Jiménez, Universidad Alberto Hurtado (UAH), Santiago, Chile

Chilena. Magíster en Educación con mención en Diseño Instruccional, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Directora de la Pedagogía en Historia y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad Alberto Hurtado (UAH), Santiago, Chile. Correo electrónico: majimene@uahurtado.cl ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9634-9965

Referências

Ammert, N., Sharp, H. y Löfström, J. (2020). Identifying aspects of temporal orientation in students’ moral reflections. History Education Research Journal. 17(2), 132-150. https://doi.org/10.14324/HERJ.17.2.01

Ammert, N., Edling, S., Löfström, J., y Sharp, H. (2017). Bridging historical and moral consciousness: Promises and challenges. Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education, 4(1), 1-13.

Barton, K. (2012). Agency, choice and historical action: How history teaching can help students think about democratic decision making. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 7 (2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.7.2.131_1

Barton, K. y Levstik, L. (2004). Teaching history for the common good. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Britzman, D. (2000a). Teacher Education in the Confusion of Our Times. Journal of Teacher Education, 51(3), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487100051003007

Britzman, D. (2000b). If the Story Cannot End: Deferred action, ambivalence, and difficult knowledge. En R. Simon, S. Rosenberg, y C. Eppert (Eds.), Between hope and despair: Pedagogy and the remembrance of historical trauma (pp. 27-57). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Britzman, D. (1998). Lost Subjects, Contested Objects. Toward a Psychoanalytic Inquiry Learning. State University of New York Press.

Catela, L. (2002). El mundo de los archivos. En L. Catela y E. Jelin (Comps.), Los archivos de la represión: documentos, memoria y verdad (pp.195-221). Siglo XXI.

Chinnery, A. (2019). The bearing of historical consciousness. Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education, 6(1), 96-109.

Chinnery, A. (2013). Caring for the past: on relationality and historical consciousness, Ethics and Education, 8 (3), 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2013.878083

Correa, S., Figueroa, M., Jocelyn-Holt, A., Rolle, C. y Vicuña, M. (2001). Historia del siglo XX chileno: balance paradojal. Editorial Sudamericana.

Den Heyer, K. (2019). On ethical judgments in history education: A response to Milligan, Gibson, and Peck, Theory & Research in Social Education, 47(2), 294-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1583988

Den Heyer, K. y Van Kessel, C. (2016). Evil, Agency, and Citizenship Education. McGill Journal of Education, 50 (1), 1-18. Https://mje.mcgill.ca/article/view/9166

Denzin, N. y Lincoln, Y. (Coords.) (2013). Las estrategias de investigación cualitativa. Gedisa Editorial.

Epstein, T. y Peck, C. (2018). Introduction. En T. Epstein y C. Peck (Eds), Teaching and Learning Difficult Histories in International Contexts. A Critical Sociocultural Approach (pp. 1-15). Routledge.

Flick, U. (2004). Introducción a la investigación cualitativa. Ediciones Morata.

Garrett, J. (2017). Learning to be in the world with others: Difficult knowledge & social studies education. Peter Lang.

Garrett, J. y Schmidt, S. (2012). Repeating Until We Can Remember: Difficult (Public) Knowledge in South Africa. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 28 (1), 191-206.

Garrett, J. (2011). The Routing and Re-Routing of Difficult Knowledge: Social Studies Teachers Encounter When the Levees Broke. Theory & Research in Social Education, 39 (3), 320-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2011.10473458

Gibbs, G. (2012). El análisis de datos cualitativos en investigación cualitativa. Ediciones Morata.

Gibson, L., Milligan, A., y Peck, C. (2022). Addressing the elephant in the room: Ethics as an organising concept in history education. Historical Encounters, 9(2), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.52289/hej9.205

Gibson, L. (2019). Ethical judgments about the difficult past: Observations from the classroom. En M. Gross y L. Terra (Eds.), History and Social Studies Education in a Context of Intolerance: Imagined Communities and Collective Memory (pp. 81-104). Routledge.

Goldberg, T. (2020). Delving into Difficulty: Are Teachers Evading or Embracing Difficult Histories? Social Education, 84 (2), 130-136.

Goldberg, T. (2017). Between Trauma and Perpetration: Psychoanalytical and Social Psychological Perspectives on Difficult Histories in the Israeli Context, Theory & Research in Social Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1270866

Gross, M. y Terra, L. (2018a). Introduction: What Makes Difficult History Difficult? En M. Gross y L. Terra (Eds), Teaching and Learning the Difficult Past (pp.1-8). Routledge.

Huneeus, C. (2003). El régimen de Pinochet. Editorial Sudamericana.

Jelin, E. (2017). La lucha por el pasado. Cómo construimos la memoria social. Siglo XXI editores.

Jelin, E. (2002a). Introducción. Gestión, política, gestión administrativa y gestión histórica: ocultamientos y descubrimientos de los archivos de la represión. En E. Jelin y L. Catela (Comps.), Los archivos de la represión: documentos y verdad (pp. 1-13). Siglo XXI Editores.

Jelin, E. (2002b). Los trabajos de la memoria. Siglo XXI.

Löfström, J., Ammert, N., Sharp, H., y Edling, S. (2020). Can, and should history give ethical guidance? Swedish and Finnish Grade 9 students on moral judgment-making in history. Nordidactica, 4, 88–114. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-81914

Ministerio de Educación de Chile. (2016). Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. Programa de Estudio Segundo Medio. Ministerio de Educación de Chile.

Miles, J. (2019). Seeing and feeling difficult history: A case study of how Canadian students make sense of photographs of Indian Residential Schools. Theory & Research in Social Education, 47 (4), 472-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1626783

Milligan, A., Gibson, L. y Peck, C. (2017). Enriching Ethical Judgments in History Education, Theory & Research in Social Education, 46(3), 449-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2017.1389665

San Martín, D. (2014). Teoría fundamentada y Atlas.ti: recursos metodológicos para la investigación educativa. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 16(1), 104-122. http://redie.uabc.mx/vol16no1/contenido-sanmartin.html

Seixas, P. (2015): A Model of Historical Thinking, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49 (6), 593-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2015.1101363

Seixas, P. y Morton, T. (2013). The big six historical thinking concepts. Nelson Education.

Sheppard, M. (2010). Difficult Histories in an Urban Classroom. Dissertation, University of Minnesota. https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/94166/Sheppard_umn_0130E_11223.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Simon R. (2011) A shock to thought: Curatorial judgment and the public exhibition of ‘difficult knowledge’. Memory Studies, 4(4), 432-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698011398170

Simon, R. (2006) The terrible gift: Museums and the possibility of hope without consolation. Museum Management and Curatorship, 21(3), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647770600202103

Simon, R. (2004) “The Pedagogical Insistence of Public Memory.” En P. Seixas (Ed.), Theorizing Historical Consciousness (pp.183-201). University of Toronto Press.

Simon, R. y Eppert, C. (1997). Remembering Obligation: Pedagogy and the Witnessing of Testimony of Historical Trauma, Canadian Journal of Education, 22 (2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.2307/1585906

Simon, R. Eppert, C. y Rosenberg, S. (2000). Between hope and despair: pedagogy and the remembrance of historical trauma. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Stake, R. (2013). Estudio de casos cualitativos. En N. Denzin y Y. Lincoln (Coords.), Las estrategias de investigación cualitativa (pp. 154-197). Gedisa Editorial.

Strauss, A. y Corbin, J. (2002). Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Universidad de Antioquia.

Van Kessel, C. y Crowley, R. (2017) Villainification and Evil in Social Studies Education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 45 (4), 427-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2017.1285734

Vásquez, G., Sánchez, M., Vásquez, N. y Muñoz, C. (2018). La transición democrática chilena ¿proceso pactado o brusca ruptura?: una mirada desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes secundarios. Tempo e Argumento, 10 (24), 247-278. https://doi.org/10.5965/2175180310242018247

Winn, P. (2016). La revolución chilena. LOM Ediciones.

Publicado

2024-01-01

Como Citar

Considerações dos alunos sobre as ações de resistência durante a ditadura chilena a partir da dimensão ética do pensamento histórico. (2024). Perspectivas, 28, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.15359/rp.28.6

Edição

Seção

O pensamento histórico e o legado do Dr. Peter Seixas (secção arbitrada)

Como Citar

Considerações dos alunos sobre as ações de resistência durante a ditadura chilena a partir da dimensão ética do pensamento histórico. (2024). Perspectivas, 28, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.15359/rp.28.6

Comentarios (ver términos de uso)

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>