Efecto de la manipulación de las variablesque configuran el estímulo del entrenamientode fuerza sobre los síntomas motores enpersonas con enfermedad de Parkinson: unarevisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.22-1.19391

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad neurodegenerativa, rehabilitación, entrenamiento de fuerza, Síntomas del motor

Resumen

Introducción: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa multisistémica que afecta al sistema nervioso central. Las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson (PEP) tienen síntomas tanto motores como no motores. El ejercicio físico es una de las intervenciones no farmacológicas más prometedoras para complementar el tratamiento médico en la PEP. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática para analizar el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza (EF) muscular sobre los síntomas motores y describir cómo se manipularon las variables que configuran el EF en estudios realizados con PEP. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de acuerdo con las pautas del Manual Cochrane para Revisiones Sistemáticas. Los estudios se identificaron mediante búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos electrónicas: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed y EBSCOhost. La calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados se evaluó mediante la lista de verificación de la escala PEDro. Los estudios incluidos obtuvieron una puntuación a≥ 6. La investigación fue registrada en Revisiones Sistemáticas (INPLASY). Número de registro: INPLASY2022110079. Resultados: La búsqueda preliminar arrojó 2830 estudios. Se consideraron veinte artículos, después de revisar el resumen y el texto completo. Siete estudios fueron rechazados por no registrar algunas de las variables de entrenamiento de fuerza requeridas y tres fueron rechazados por utilizar entrenamiento suplementario al entrenamiento de fuerza. Un total de diez estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza se implementaron 2 - 3 veces por semana, con intensidades entre 30 % - 90 % 1RM, un volumen de entrenamiento de 1 - 3 series y 4 - 20 repeticiones, sesiones de entre 35 - 90 minutos con mejoras significativas en el temblor en reposo, medidas de la marcha, bradicinesia y equilibrio. Conclusiones: Independientemente de cómo se configuró el estímulo del EF, existen mejoras significativas de los síntomas motores en la PEP. Estos resultados promueven la implementación del entrenamiento de fuerza en PEP, pero, debido al bajo número de estudios (10) y la alta variabilidad en la manipulación de las variables que configuran el estímulo del entrenamiento de fuerza, es difícil saber cuál es la prescripción óptima para mejorar los síntomas motores de la PEP.

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Referencias

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Publicado

2025-05-22

Número

Sección

Revisión sistemática (Arbitrada por pares)

Cómo citar

Andrades-Ramírez, O. A., Ulloa-Díaz, D. L., García-Ramos, A., Martínez-García, D., Muñoz-Bustos, G. A., & Chirosa-Ríos, L. J. (2025). Efecto de la manipulación de las variablesque configuran el estímulo del entrenamientode fuerza sobre los síntomas motores enpersonas con enfermedad de Parkinson: unarevisión sistemática. MHSalud: Revista En Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Salud, 22(1), e19391. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.22-1.19391