Valoración mediante electromiografía de superficie y ejercicio terapéutico en el dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico: Estudio piloto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.22-2.20548Palavras-chave:
dolor lumbar, electromiografía, ejercicio terapéutico, dolor lumbar crónico inespecíficoResumo
Introducción: El dolor lumbar crónico (DLC) es un trastorno común e incapacitante en la sociedad occidental. El uso de métodos objetivos para su valoración es relevante al incluir indicadores que los métodos subjetivos no lo hacen y así tener una mayor fiabilidad y aplicabilidad. La electromiografía de superficie parece ser útil y de fácil manejo para analizar de forma objetiva la actividad muscular lumbar. Objetivo: (1) Valorar en sujetos con DLCI la actividad muscular de erectores espinales lumbares y multífidos mediante electromiografía de superficie; y (2) evaluar la eficacia de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico sobre variables clínicas como dolor, discapacidad y kinesiofobia. Métodos: 3 sujetos con dolor lumbar crónico fueron valorados antes y después de la realización de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico con electromiografía, algómetro, escala NPRS, cuestionario Roland Morris y escala TAMPA (TSK-11). Resultados: tras el tratamiento, en el fenómeno flexión-relajación (FFR), el root mean square (RMS) disminuye, pero la máxima contracción voluntaria (MCV), aumenta en erectores y disminuye en multífidos; además, 2 de los participantes presentaron silencio electromiográfico. El programa de ejercicios resulta eficaz para reducir el dolor, discapacidad y kinesiofobia; y el umbral de dolor a la presión aumentó. Conclusiones: el RMS, la MCV y el silencio electromiográfico en el FFR podrían ser indicadores de electromiografía útiles para cuantificar las intervenciones terapéuticas en sujetos con DLC pudiendo tener aplicabilidad clínica. No obstante, se precisan estudios con una muestra suficientemente grande como para establecer resultados fiables.
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