Efecto de las botas de bombero y las plantillas viscoelásticas sobre la fuerza de impacto de la componente vertical de la fuerza de reacción del suelo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.8-2.1Palavras-chave:
Amortiguación, plantillas, biomecánicaResumo
Objetivos: determinar el efecto de las botas de bombero sobre la componente vertical de la fuerza de reacción del suelo (FRS), en el contacto inicial del talón en el suelo o también denominada fuerza de impacto, así como analizar el efecto de las plantillas viscoelásticas implantadas en las botas de bombero sobre esta fuerza durante la marcha. Metodología: Se registró la magnitud de la fuerza de impacto (FZI) de la componente vertical de la FRS, el tiempo hasta la producción de esta fuerza (TZI) y su gradiente de carga (GC); 39 bomberos sin ningún tipo de patología durante los dos años previos a la toma de registros formaron parte del estudio. Se comparó la marcha en tres condiciones diferentes de calzado: 1) la marcha con botas de bombero, 2) la marcha con botas de bombero a las cuales se les había implantado unas plantillas viscoelásticas y 3) la marcha con calzado deportivo.Resultados: mostraron una mayor producción, así como una mayor magnitud de la fuerza de impacto con botas de bombero respecto a la marcha con calzado deportivo (13,1 vs. 2,6 % de producción de la fuerza de impacto y 61,39 ± 35,18% PC (peso corporal) vs. 49,38 ± 22,99% PC, respectivamente). La marcha con plantillas viscoelásticas implantadas en las botas de bombero no mostró diferencias significativas en ningún parámetro que caracteriza la fuerza de impacto respecto a la marcha sin plantillas. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio muestran por un lado, una menor amortiguación de la fuerza de impacto con las botas de bombero en comparación con la marcha con calzado deportivo y por otro, la ineficacia de las plantillas viscoelásticas implantadas en las botas de bombero para la mejora de la amortiguación de la fuerza de impacto durante la marcha a velocidad espontánea.
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