Efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y un programa de circuito con pesas sobre la calidad de vida, disnea y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos con enfermedad pulmonar crónica
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y un programa de circuito con pesas sobre la calidad de vida, disnea y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos con Enfermedad Pulmonar Crónica (EPC). Metodología: el programa de rehabilitación se hizo durante ocho semanas, se realizó un pre-test y un post-test, se cumplió con una sesión semanal presencial, y las otras dos domiciliarias, se tuvo comunicación directa vía telefónica los días que realizaban el ejercicio en la casa. Instrumentos: el cuestionario St. George Respiratory Questonnaire para medir calidad de vida, la escala de Borg para medir la disnea y el test de caminata de los 6 min. para medir la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Sujetos: participaron 38 personas con diagnóstico previo de EPC, 18 hombres y 20 mujeres; 27 sujetos con patología obstructiva y 11 sujetos con restrictiva., con una edad promedio de 69.8 ± 9.34 años, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, uno que realizó ejercicio aeróbico (22 sujetos) y otro que ejecutó ejercicio aeróbico y de contrarresistencia con pesas (16 sujetos). Análisis Estadístico: ANOVA mixta de cuatro vías (2x2x2x2) para las variables mediciones, sexo, tratamiento y patología. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas entre mediciones para la variable disnea (pre: 7.18 ± 0.69 puntos y post: 4.89 ± 0.68 puntos) (F = 228.770; p < 0,05), calidad de (pre: 59.68 ± 7.50 puntos y post 81.75 ± 7.33puntos) (F = 228.770; p < 0,05), resistencia cardiorrespiratoria (pre 384,95 ± 51,02 mts. y post 432 ± 37,41 mts.) (F: 59.9; p<0.01), pero no se encontraron diferencias por sexo, actividad ni enfermedad (p>0,05), ni interacción entre las variable (p>0,05). Conclusión: la realización de ejercicio físico aeróbico y anaeróbico mejoran el grado de disnea, la calidad de vida y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes con EPC.
The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of an aerobic exercise program and a weight circuit program on the quality of life, dyspnea and cardiorespiratory resistance in subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Disease (CPD). Methodology: the rehabilitation program was conducted for eight weeks, including a pre-test and a post-test, one on-site supervised session per week and two home sessions with direct telephone communication. Instruments: the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire was used to measure quality of life, the Borg Scale to measure dyspnea, and the Six Minute Walk Test to measure cardiorespiratory resistance. Subjects: 38 patients previously diagnosed with CPD, 18 men and 20 women; 27 subjects with an obstructive pathology and 11 with a restrictive pathology, with an average age of 69.8 ± 9.34 years. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one did aerobic exercises (22 subjects) and the other one did aerobic exercises and resistance training (16 subjects). Statistical Analysis: Four-Way ANOVA (2x2x2x2) for the variables sex, treatment, and pathology. Results: significant differences were found between measurements of the following variables: dyspnea (pre-test: 7.18 ± 0.69 points and post-test: 4.89 ± 0.68 points) (F = 228.770; p < 0.05), quality of life (pre-test: 59.68 ± 7.50 points and post-test 81.75 ± 7.33 points ) (F = 228.770; p < 0.05), cardiorespiratory resistance (pre-test 384.95 ± 51.02 mts. and post-test 432 ± 37.41 mts.) (F: 59.9; p<0.01). However, no differences were found in sex, activity program or disease (p>0.05), or any interaction between variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: aerobic and anaerobic exercises improve the degree of dyspnea, the quality of life, and the cardiorespiratory resistance in CPD patients.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of an aerobic exercise program and a weight circuit program on the quality of life, dyspnea and cardiorespiratory resistance in subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Disease (CPD). Methodology: the rehabilitation program was conducted for eight weeks, including a pre-test and a post-test, one on-site supervised session per week and two home sessions with direct telephone communication. Instruments: the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire was used to measure quality of life, the Borg Scale to measure dyspnea, and the Six Minute Walk Test to measure cardiorespiratory resistance. Subjects: 38 patients previously diagnosed with CPD, 18 men and 20 women; 27 subjects with an obstructive pathology and 11 with a restrictive pathology, with an average age of 69.8 ± 9.34 years. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one did aerobic exercises (22 subjects) and the other one did aerobic exercises and resistance training (16 subjects). Statistical Analysis: Four-Way ANOVA (2x2x2x2) for the variables sex, treatment, and pathology. Results: significant differences were found between measurements of the following variables: dyspnea (pre-test: 7.18 ± 0.69 points and post-test: 4.89 ± 0.68 points) (F = 228.770; p < 0.05), quality of life (pre-test: 59.68 ± 7.50 points and post-test 81.75 ± 7.33 points ) (F = 228.770; p < 0.05), cardiorespiratory resistance (pre-test 384.95 ± 51.02 mts. and post-test 432 ± 37.41 mts.) (F: 59.9; p<0.01). However, no differences were found in sex, activity program or disease (p>0.05), or any interaction between variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: aerobic and anaerobic exercises improve the degree of dyspnea, the quality of life, and the cardiorespiratory resistance in CPD patients.
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