Efectos de la inclusión de ejercicios de salto con y sin sobrecarga externa en el calentamiento sobre parámetros de rendimiento físico en atletas jóvenes de balonmano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.17-1.4Palavras-chave:
Calentamiento, Halteras de mano, Balonmano, Salto Contramovimiento, Salto HorizontalResumo
El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de un calentamiento con aplicación de saltos cargados y sin carga sobre el tiempo en sprint de 20 metros, saltos horizontales y saltos verticales en jugadores juveniles de balonmano. La muestra estaba conformada por 13 jugadores de balonmano (16,2 ± 1,3 años) de San Carlos. Se realizó un estudio experimental con un diseño crossover aleatorizado. Se aplicaron 3 protocolos de calentamiento distintos, que implicaban correr más estiramientos dinámicos (CE); correr, estiramientos dinámicos y saltos (CES), y, finalmente, correr, estiramientos dinámicos y saltos cargados con el 8 % de su peso corporal (CESH). Para las evaluaciones pre- y poscalentamiento, se utilizó un test de salto contramovimiento (CMJ), salto horizontal (SH) y sprint de 20 metros cronometrado. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre pre- y postest para los 3 grupos en el SH (diferencias para CES: 0,09 ± 0,12; CESH: 0,12 ± 0,16 y CE: 0,07 ± 0,16), mientras que solo CES y CESH mejoraron significativamente la altura en CMJ y tiempo en el sprint de 20 metros (diferencia para CMJ: 2,95 ± 0,56 y 3,50 ± 0,73; y sprint de 20 m: 0,29 ± 0,31 y 0,20 ± 0,26, respectivamente). En conclusión, un calentamiento que incluye distintos tipos de saltos es eficaz para mejorar SH, CMJ y velocidad en 20 metros. Es necesario realizar más investigación, para determinar beneficios específicos de saltos con halteras de manos que mejoren el rendimiento físico.Referências
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